Sociodemographic and Lifestyle-related Factors Associated with Dysmenorrhea Among University Students

Abstract

Introduction

Dysmenorrhea is a medical condition that refers to painful menstrual cramps experienced by women during menstruation. Several studies have reported that dysmenorrhea is a common problem among female university students globally, with prevalence rates ranging from 45% to 95%, and is associated with several factors.

Methods

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of dysmenorrhea and contributing sociodemographic and lifestyle factors among College of Health Sciences (COHES) female students at the Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) Main Campus. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to conduct the study. The study involved a population of 1,165 female students with a sample size of 222. A stratified random sampling technique was used. The study population was divided into five schools, and a proportionate sample from each group was identified, and a specific number of female students from each group was randomly recruited. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, encompassing the prevalence of dysmenorrhea, sociodemographic, and lifestyle factors. Analysis of data was done using SPSS version 26. Chi-square/Fisher’s exact tests were used to identify factors associated with dysmenorrhea. Data were presented using pie charts and tables. Ethical clearance to conduct the study was obtained from the JKUAT Ethics Research Committee.

Results

The prevalence rate of dysmenorrhea in COHES was 68%. Sociodemographic factors, like family history of dysmenorrhea (chi-square value = 10.349, p value = .001), showed significant associations with dysmenorrhea. None of the lifestyle factors, like physical activity, diet, BMI, and caffeine consumption, showed a significant association with dysmenorrhea.

Conclusions

The study found relevant findings that had paramount importance for dysmenorrhea reduction programs. The study recommended that the student body, in collaboration with the university administration, should create a peer support network where individuals share their dysmenorrhea experiences. Also, the university, in collaboration with the student body and the JKUAT hospital, should organize educational seminars focused on dysmenorrhea and its associated lifestyle factors to increase awareness.