Effect of One-on-one Structured Counselling of Mothers and Family Members Using GALPAC Technique Compared to Standard Counselling on Post-discharge Kangaroo Mother Care and Related Outcomes in Low-birth-weight Infants: A Quasi-randomised Controlled Trial

Abstract

Background and Objectives

Kangaroo mother care (KMC) improves low-birth-weight neonatal survival. It is recommended for low-birth-weight babies in all settings and should be continued at home as well. Counselling of mothers and family members is necessary for successful initiation and continuation of KMC. This study aims to use the greet, ask, listen, praise, advise, check understanding (GALPAC) method of counselling to improve the outcome of home-based KMC.

Methods

This quasi-randomised controlled trial was done in 266 stable low-birth-weight neonates born in the hospital. In the intervention group, GALPAC counselling was done by trained nurses and paediatricians during the hospital stay, through telephone after discharge and by local ASHA during home visits. The control group received routine counselling during discharge and on follow-up visits by the treating paediatrician. Both groups were examined on the 15th, 30th and 60th day post-discharge for weight changes and were monitored for morbidity, mortality, breastfeeding and continuation of KMC.

Results

The neonates were divided randomly in two groups: 132 in the intervention group and 134 in the control group. The basic demographic parameters were comparable in both the groups. On the 15th day of follow-up, breastfeeding rate was 86% in the intervention group and 80% in the control group, morbidity was 13.4% and 15.7%, KMC continuation was 84% and 71.3% and re-admission rate was 6.1% and 7.04%, respectively. By the 60th day, the breastfeeding rate was 67.6% and 55.05%, morbidity 3.8% and 19.1%, KMC continuation 65% and 47% and re-admission rate 1.8% and 20.2% in the intervention and control groups, respectively. Mortality was 11.2% in the control group and 1.8% in the intervention group by the 60th day. Weight gain was more in the intervention group than in the control group (1,055.30 ± 122.46 g and 745.77 ± 99.34 g) by day 60.

Interpretation and Conclusion

The outcome of KMC in the intervention group was better in comparison to the control group for all parameters studied. Therefore, one-on-one structured counselling with regular communication and follow-up is an effective intervention to improve maintenance of KMC at home.