The present study examined the relationship between emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial orientation on a sample of 301 students (future techno-managers) randomly selected from different departments of engineering and management of Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur, India. All the respondents were administered on the scales of emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial orientation. The findings of the study showed positively significant correlation among the variables of emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial orientation. Regression analysis revealed significant contribution of emotional intelligence in predicting entrepreneurial orientation. The future implications of the study have been discussed in the light of empirical findings and in the context of effective entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial management.
AkhouriM.M.P.GuptaV. (1990). Sustaining entrepreneurship (Seminar Proceedings). New Delhi: NIESBUD.
2.
AllinsonC.ChellE.HayesJ. (2000). Intuition and entrepreneurial behavior. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 9(1), 31–43.
3.
AreniusP.MinnitiM. (2005). Perceptual variables and nascent entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 24(3), 233–247.
4.
AtwaterL.E.YammarinoF.J. (1992). Does self–other agreement on leadership perceptions moderate the vali-dity of leadership and performance predictions?Personnel Psychology, 45(1), 141–164.
5.
Bar-OnR. (1997). The Bar-On emotional quotient inventory (EQ-i): A test of emotional intelligence. Toronto, Canada: Multi-Health Systems.
6.
BaronH. (2000). Counterfactual thinking and venture formation: The potential effects of thinking about ‘what might have been’. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(1), 79–91.
7.
BassB.YammarinoF. (1991). Congruence of self and others’ leadership ratings of naval officers for understanding successful performance. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 40(4), 437–454.
8.
BaumolW.J. (1993). Entrepreneurship, management, and the structure of payoffs. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
9.
BegleyT.M.BoydD.P. (1987). Psychological characteristics associated with performance in entrepreneurial firms and smaller businesses. Journal of Business Venturing, 2(1), 79–93.
10.
BertholdH.F. (1951). The early history of entrepreneurial theory. Explorations in Entrepreneurial History, 3, 193–220.
11.
BhargavaS. (2008). Entrepreneurial management: Emergence of a new field. In BharagavS. (Ed.), Entrepreneurial management (pp. 1–41). New Delhi: SAGE.
12.
BirchD. (1979). The job generation process. Cambridge. MA: MIT Program on Neighborhood and Regional Change.
13.
BirdB. (1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: The case for intention. Academy of Management Review, 13(3), 442–453.
14.
BirleyS. (1987). New ventures and employment growth. Journal of Business Venturing, 2(2), 155–165.
15.
BoltonB. (1985). Discriminant analysis of Holland’s occupational types using the sixteen personality factor questionnaire. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 27(2), 210–227.
16.
BoseA. (2007). Beyond population projections: Growing north–south disparity. Economic and Political Weekly, 42(15), 1327–1329.
17.
BoyatzisR.E. (1982). The competent manager. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
18.
BoyatzisR.E. (2006). Using tipping points of emotional intelligence and cognitive competencies to predict financial performance of leaders. Psicothema, 18, 124–131.
19.
BoyatzisR.E.SalaF. (2004). Assessing emotional intelligence competencies. In GeherGlenn (Ed.), The measurement of emotional intelligence (pp. 147–180). Hauppauge, NY: Novas Science Publishers.
20.
BoyatzisR.E.GolemanD.Hay Group (2001). The emotional competency inventory. Philadelphia: Hay Group.
21.
BoyatzisR.E.GolemanD.RheeK. (2000). Clustering competence in emotional intelligence: Insights from the emotional competence inventory (ECI). In Bar-OnR.ParkerJ.D.A. (Eds), Handbook of emotional intelligence (pp. 343–362). San Francisco: Jossey- Bass.
22.
BusenitzL.W.LauC.M. (1996). A cross-cultural model of new venture creation. Entrepreneurial Theory and Practice, 20(4), 25–38.
23.
BygraveW.D. (1989). The entrepreneurship paradigm (I): A philosophical look at its research methodologies. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 14(1), 7–26.
24.
CarlandJ.W. (1982). Entrepreneurship in a small business setting: An exploratory study. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.
25.
CarlessS.A.MannL.WearingA.J. (1998). Leadership, managerial performance and 360-degree feedback. Applied Psychology, An International Review, 47(4), 481–496.
26.
CavalloK.BrienzaD. (2002). Emotional competence and leadership excellence at Johnson and Johnson: The emotional intelligence and leadership study. Retrieved from http://www/eiconsortium.org (accessed on 28 January 2006).
27.
ConnieR.JamesW.K.JohnE.F.SusanM.F.StevenS.W.DanielW.W. (2005). A framework for the entrepreneurial learner of the 21st century. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 8(3).
28.
CooperA.C.DunkelbergW.C. (1987). Entrepreneurial research: Old questions, new answers and methodolog-ical issues. American Journal of Small Business, 1(1), 11–23.
29.
CooperR.SawafA. (1998). Executive EQ: Emotional intelligence in business. London, UK: Orion Business Books.
30.
CovinJ.G.SlevinD.P. (1991). A conceptual model of entrepreneurship as firm behavior. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 16(1), 7–25.
31.
CrossB.TravaglioneA. (2003). The untold story: Is the entrepreneur of 21st century defined by emotional intelligence?The International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 11(3), 221–228.
32.
CunninghamJ.B.LischeronJ. (1991). Defining entrepreneurship. Journal of Small Business Management, 29(1), 45–61.
33.
De FarcyH. (1973). Espirit d’ enterprise et development economique. Archives Internationale de Sociologue de la Cooperation et du Development, 33, 3–42.
34.
DruckerP.F. (1985). Innovation and entrepreneurship. New York: Harper & Row.
35.
EnsleyM.PearsonA.AmasonA. (2002). Understanding the dynamics of new venture top management teams: Cohesion, conflict, and new venture performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 17(4), 365–386.
36.
GartnerW.B. (1985). A conceptual framework for describing the phenomena of new venture creation. Academy of Management Review, 10(4), 696–706.
37.
GartnerW.B. (1988). ‘Who is an entrepreneur?’ is the wrong question. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 13(4), 47–68.
38.
GartnerW.B.BirdB.StarrJ. (1992). Acting as if: Differentiating entrepreneurial from organizational behavior. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 16(3), 13–31.
39.
GeorgeJ.M. (2000). Emotions and leadership: The role of emotional intelligence. Human Relations, 53(12), 1027–1041.
40.
GolemanD. (1995). Emotional intelligence. New York: Bantam Books.
41.
GolemanD. (1998). Working with emotional intelligence. New York: Bantam Books.
GolemanD.BoyatzisR.McKeeA. (2002). The new leaders. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.
44.
GodseyA.S.ThingujamN.K.S. (2010). Perceived emotional intelligence and conflict resolution styles among information technology professionals: Testing the mediating role of personality. Singapore Management Review, 20(4), 409–425.
45.
HaywardM.ShepherdD.A.GriffinD. (2005). A Hubris theory of entrepreneurship. Management Science, 52(2), 160–172.
46.
HerronL.RobinsonR.B.Jr (1993). A structural model of the effects of entrepreneurial characteristics on venture performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 8(3), 281–294.
47.
HiggsM.J.RowlandD. (2000). Building change leadership capability: The quest for change competence. Journal of Change Management, 1(2), 116–131.
48.
HoT.S.KohH.C. (1992). Differences in psychological characteristics between entrepreneurially inclined and non-entrepreneurially inclined accounting graduates in Singapore. Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Change: An International Journal, 1, 43–54.
49.
HoyF.CarlandJ.W. (1983). Differentiating between entrepreneurs and small business owners in new venture formation. In HornadayJ.A.TimmonsJ.A.VesperK.H. (Eds), Frontiers of entrepreneurship research (pp. 180–191). Wellesley, MA: Babson College.
50.
HuyQ.N. (1999). Emotional capability, emotional intelligence, and radical change. Academy of Management Review, 24(2), 325–345.
51.
HyrskyK. (2000). Entrepreneurial metaphors and concepts: An exploratory study. International Small Business Journal, 18(1), 13–34.
52.
JainA.K.SinhaA.K. (2004). Emotional intelligence: Imperatives for the organizationally relevant outcomes. Psychological Studies, 49(2–3), 81–96.
53.
JordanP.J.TrothA. (2004). Managing emotions during team problem solving: Emotional intelligence and conflict resolution. Human Performance, 17(2), 195–218.
54.
KruegerN.F.CarsrudA.L. (1993). Entrepreneurial intentions: Applying the theory of planned behaviour. Entrepreneurship and Regional development, 5(4), 315–330.
LeeD.Y.TsangE.W.K. (2001). The effects of entrepreneurial personality, background and network activities on venture growth. Journal of Management Studies, 38(4), 583–603.
57.
LevenburgN.M.SchwarzT.V. (2008). Entrepreneurial orientation among the youth of India: The impact of culture, education and environment. Journal of Entrepreneurship, 17(1), 15–35.
58.
LittunenH. (2000). Entrepreneurship and the characteristics of the entrepreneurial personality. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 6(6), 295–309.
59.
LowM.B.MacmillanI.C. (1988). Entrepreneurship: Past research and future challenges. Journal of Management, 14(2), 139–161.
60.
MairJ. (2005). Entrepreneurial behaviour in a large traditional firm: Exploring key drivers. In ElfringT. (Ed.), Corporate entrepreneurship and venturing (pp. 49–72). New York: Springer.
61.
ManimalaM.J. (1992). Entrepreneurial heuristics: A comparison between high PI (pioneering–innovative) and low PI ventures. Journal of Business Venturing, 7(6), 477–504.
62.
MayerJ.D.SaloveyP. (1997). What is emotional intelligence? In SaloveyP.SluyterD. (Eds), Emotional development and emotional intelligence: Implications for educators (pp. 3–31). New York: Basic Books.
63.
MayerJ.D.CarusoD.R.SaloveyP. (1999). Emotional intelligence meets traditional standards for an intelligence. Intelligence, 27(4), 267–298.
64.
McClellandD.C. (1961). The achieving society. New York: The Free Press.
65.
McClellandD.C.AtkinsonJ.W.ClarkR.A.LowellE.L. (1958). A scoring manual for the achievement motive. In AtkinsonJ.W. (Ed.), Motives in fantasy, action, and society (pp. 179–204). Princeton, NJ: D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc.
66.
McGrathR.G.MacmillanI. (2000). The entrepreneurial mindset. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
67.
MittonD.G. (1989). The complete entrepreneur. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 13(3), 9–19.
68.
MohantyS.K. (2007). Fundamentals of entrepreneurship. New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India Private Limited.
69.
NortonR.D. (2001). Creating the new economy: The entrepreneur and the US resurgence. Cheltenham, England: Edward Elgar.
70.
ParkerS.C. (2005). The economics of entrepreneurship: What we know and what we don’t. Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 1(1), 1–54.
71.
PeterR. (1985). Raising risk takers. Metropolitan Toronto Business Journal, 75(7), 30–34.
72.
PetridesK.V.FurnhamA. (2001). Trait emotional intelligence: Psychometric investigation with reference to established trait taxonomies. European Journal of Personality, 15(6), 425–448.
73.
PradhanR.K. (2003). Emotional intelligence as tool for managing workforce diversity. Prestige Journal of Management and Research, 7(2), 240–249.
74.
PradhanR.K.AwasthyS.KumarU.PattanayakS.P. (2005). Role of emotional intelligence on organizational commitment and conflict management. In SrivastavaS.K. (Ed.), Applied and community psychology: Trends and directions (pp. 25–43). New Delhi: Sarup & Sons.
75.
PradhanR.K.KumarU.AwasthyS.MathurP. (2008). Emotional competencies and charismatic leadership. In PradhanR.K.MathurP. (Eds), Emotional intelligence: Perspectives in organisations (pp. 216–243). New Delhi: Academic Excellence Pvt. Ltd.
76.
PradhanR.K.MathurP.MishraP.K. (2001). Manager’s health: Role of emotional literacy and quality of life perception. Productivity, 42(3), 454–460.
77.
ReynoldsP. (1987). New firms: Societal contribution versus survival potential. Journal of Business Venturing, 2(3), 231–246.
78.
RheeK.S.WhiteR.J. (2007). The emotional intelligence of entrepreneurs. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 20(4), 409–425.
79.
RobinsonP.B.StimpsonD.V.HuefnerJ.C.HuntH.K. (1991). An attitude approach to the prediction of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 15(4), 13–32.
80.
SaloveyP.MayerJ.D. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 9(3), 185–211.
81.
SarasvathyS. (2001). Causation and effectuation: Toward a theoretical shift from economic inevitability to entrepreneurial contingency. Academy of Management Review, 26(2), 243–263.
82.
SchoonhovenC.B.RomanelliE. (2001). The entrepreneurship dynamic: Origins of entrepreneurship and the evolution of industries. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
83.
SchumpeterJ.A. (1934). The theory of economic development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
84.
SextonD.Bowman-UptonN. (1990). Female and male entrepreneurs: Psychological characteristics and their role in gender-related discrimination. Journal of Business Venturing, 5(1), 29–36.
85.
ShaneS.VenkataramanS. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 217–226.
86.
SosikJ.J. (2001). Self–other agreement on charismatic leadership: Relationships with work attitudes and managerial performance. Group & Organization Management, 26(4), 484–511.
87.
SosikJ.J.MegerianL.E. (1999). Understanding leader emotional intelligence and performance: The role of self–other agreement on transformational leadership perceptions. Group & Organization Management, 24(3), 367–390.
88.
SpencerL.M.JrSpencerS. (1993). Competence at work: Models for superior performance. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
89.
SrivastavaK.B.L. (2008). Examining the relationship of socio-cultural factors and entrepreneurial propensity among professional students. In BhargavaS. (Ed.), Entrepreneurial management (pp. 184–203). New Delhi: SAGE.
90.
StewartW.H.RothP.L. (2001). Risk propensity differences between entrepreneurs and managers: A meta analytic review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(1), 145–153.
91.
StewartW.H.WatsonW.CarlandJ.C.CarlandJ. (1998). A proclivity for entrepreneurship: A comparison of entrepreneurs, small business owners, and corporate managers. Journal of Business Venturing, 14(2), 189–214.
92.
TaorminaR.J. (2007). Measuring Chinese entrepreneurial motivation. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 13(4), 200–221.
93.
The New Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (2005). Seventh Edition. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
94.
VenesaarU.KolbreE.PilisteT. (2007). Students’ attitudes and intentions toward entrepreurship at Tallinn University of Technology. Working Paper 154, School of Economics and Business Administration at Tallinn University of Technology.
95.
WatsonW.StewartW.H.BarNirA. (2003). The effects of human capital, organizational demography, and interpersonal process on venture partner perceptions of firm profit and growth. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(2), 145–164.
96.
WongC.S.LawK. (2002). The effects of leader and follower emotional intelligence on performance and attitude: An exploratory study. The Leadership Quarterly, 13(3), 243–274.
97.
WrightM.HoskissonR.E.BusenitzL.W.DialJ. (2000). Entrepreneurial growth through privatization: The upside of management buyouts. Academy of Management Review, 25(3), 591–601.
98.
YusofM.SandhuM.S.JainK.K. (2007). Relationship between psychological characteristics and entrepreneurial inclination: A case study of students at University Tun Abdul Razak. Journal of Asia Entrepreneurship and Sustainability, 3(2), 23–41.
99.
ZahraS. (1993): A conceptual model of entrepreneurship as firm behaviour: A critique and extension. Entrepre-neurship: Theory and Practice, 17(4), 5–21.
100.
ZampetakisL.A.BeldekosP.MoustakisV.S. (2009). Day-to-day entrepreneurship within organizations: The role of trait emotional intelligence and perceived organizational support. European Management Journal, 27(3), 165–175.
101.
ZhaoH.SeibertS.E. (2005). The mediating role of self-efficacy in the development of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(6), 1265–1272.
102.
ZhaoH.HillsG.E.SeibertS.E. (2005). The mediating role of self-efficacy in the development of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(6), 1265–1272.
103.
ZhaoH.SeibertS.E. (2006). The big five personality dimensions and entrepreneurial status. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(2), 259–271.
