Nowadays mental health is being fundamental concern to human being, while work is an integral part of modern life. Mental health is an important psychological attribute that plays a determining role in increasing the performance of employees and reducing rate of absenteeism, tardiness, and turnover of employees in the organisations. Our aim was to explore the psychometric properties of the newly developed questionnaire related to mental health. The items were framed with help of the previously available tools and interaction with sampling unit. Initially, 56 items were constructed related to the emotional, psychological and social well-being, eliminating jargons and complex terms defining the dimensions and its underlying statements so that newly developed questionnaire could be used in variety of workplace settings and items were framed to fit the manager’s context. Only 42 items were retained on the basis of experts’ maximum agreement and this 42-item questionnaire was distributed to participants to take their responses. The sample comprises of 250 managers of first level working in different units of Coal India Limited. The results of reliability analysis indicate that Cronbach’s alpha = .896 after deleting the 15 items from the questionnaire due to poor corrected item total correlation, less loadings and cross loadings in exploratory factor analysis. The reliability statistics fit the optimal level of Nunnally’s criteria and statistically acceptable for newly developed questionnaire. Results of the exploratory factor analysis indicate that these 27 items are loaded on three factors and these three factors explain 42.623% of total variance in mental health. This questionnaire will be useful for assessment of mental health of managerial personnel.
AshbyF. G., IsenA. M., & TurkenA. U. (1999). A neuropsychological theory of positive affect and its influence on cognition. Psychological Review, 106(3), 529–550. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.106.3.529
2.
BlessH., MackieD. M., & SchwarzN. (1992). Mood effects on encoding and judgmental processes in persuasion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(4), 585–595. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.63.4.585
3.
BoormanS. (2009). NHS health and well-being review [Interim report]. Department of Health.
4.
CattellR. B. (1966). The Scree test for the number of factors. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 1(2), 245–276. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327906mbr0102_10
5.
ChandlerG. N., DeTienneD. R., McKelvieA., & MumfordT. V. (2011). Causation and effectuation processes: A validation study. Journal of Business Venturing, 26(3), 375–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2009.10.006
6.
CostelloA. B., & OsborneJ. (2005). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Practical Assessment, Research and Evaluation, 10(7), 1–9.
7.
DelaneyC. (2005). The spirituality scale: Development and psychometric testing of a holistic instrument to assess the human spiritual dimension. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 23(2), 145–167, discussion 168. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898010105276180
8.
DeVonH. A., BlockM. E., Moyle-WrightP., ErnstD. M., HaydenS. J., LazzaraD. J., SavoyS. M., & Kostas-PolstonE. (2007). A psychometric toolbox for testing validity and reliability. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 39(2), 155–164. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.2007.00161.x
9.
DienerE. D. (2000). Subjective well-being. The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55(1), 34–43. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.34
10.
DolanP., PeasgoodT., & WhiteM. P. (2006). Review of research on the influences on personal well-being and application to policy [Report prepared for the UK's Department of Environment. Food and Rural Affairs (Defra)]. Defra.
11.
FabrigarL. R., WegenerD. T., MacCallumR. C., & StrahanE. J. (1999). Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychological Methods, 4(3), 272–299. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.4.3.272
12.
FieldA. (2005). Discovering statistics using SPSS (2nd ed). SAGE Publications.
13.
FieldA. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS (3rd ed). SAGE Publications.
14.
ForgasJ. P. (2002). Feeling and doing: Affective influences on interpersonal behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 13(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1301_01
15.
ForgasJ. P. (2006). Affective influences on interpersonal behavior: Towards understanding the role of affect in everyday interactions. InForgasJ. P.(Ed.), Affect in social thinking and behavior (pp. 269–290). Psychology Press.
16.
FredricksonB. L., & BraniganC. (2005). Positive emotions broaden the scope of attention and thought-action repertoires. Cognition and Emotion, 19(3), 313–332. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930441000238
17.
FriedliL. (2009). Mental health, resilience and inequalities. Europe. World Health Organization.
18.
GasperK., & CloreG. L. (2000). Do you have to pay attention to your feelings to be influenced by them? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(6), 698–711. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167200268005
19.
HaladynaT. (1999). Developing and validating multiple-choice test items. Lawrence Erlbaum.
20.
HinkinT. R. (1995). A review of scale development practices in the study of organizations. Journal of Management, 21(5), 967–988. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639502100509
21.
HornJ. L. (1965). A rationale and test for the number of factors in factor analysis. Psychometrika, 30, 179–185. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02289447
22.
HunterJ. E., & SchmidtF. L. (1990). Methods of meta-analysis: Correcting errors and bias in research findings. SAGE Publications.
23.
JudgeT. A., ThoresenC. J., BonoJ. E., & PattonG. K. (2001). The job satisfaction, job performance relationship: A qualitative and quantitative review. Psychological Bulletin, 127(3), 376–407. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.127.3.376
24.
KaiserH. F. (1960). The application of electronic computers to factor analysis. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20(1), 141–151. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316446002000116
25.
KaneM. (2006). Validation. InBrennanR.(Ed.), Educational measurement (4th ed., pp. 1764). American Council on Education and Praeger.
26.
KaneM. T. (2001). Current concerns in validity theory. Journal of Educational Measurement, 38(4), 319–342. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3984.2001.tb01130.x
27.
KeyesC. L. M. (2002). The mental health continuum: From languishing to flourishing in life. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 43(2), 207–222. https://doi.org/10.2307/3090197
28.
KeyesC. L. M. (2004). The nexus of cardiovascular disease and depression revisited: The complete mental health perspective and the moderating role of age and gender. Aging and Mental Health, 8(3), 266–274. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860410001669804
29.
KeyesC. L. M. (2005a). Chronic physical conditions and aging: Is mental health a potential protective factor? Ageing International, 30(1), 88–104. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02681008
30.
KeyesC. L. M. (2005b). Mental illness and/or mental health? Investigating axioms of the complete state model of health. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73(3), 539–548. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.73.3.539
31.
LynnM. R. (1986). Determination and quantification of content validity. Nursing Research, 35(6), 382–385. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199-198611000-00017
32.
LyubomirskyS., KingL. A., & DienerE. (2005). The benefits of frequent positive affect: Does happiness lead to success? Psychological Bulletin, 131(6), 803–855. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.131.6.803
NunnallyJ. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed). McGraw-Hill.
35.
NunnallyJ. C., & BernsteinI. H. (1994). Psychometric theory. McGraw-Hill.
36.
PatilV. H., SinghS. N., MishraS., & Todd DonavanD. (2008). Efficient theory development and factor retention criteria: Abandon the ‘eigenvalue greater than one’ criterion. Journal of Business Research, 61(2), 162–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.05.008
37.
PriceJ. L., & MuellerC. W. (1986). Handbook of organizational measurement. Pitman Publishing.
38.
RyffC. D., & KeyesC. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 719–727. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.69.4.719
39.
SedikidesC. (1995). Central and peripheral self-conceptions are differentially influenced by mood: Tests of the differential sensitivity hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4), 759–777. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.69.4.759
40.
VaingankarJ. A., SubramaniamM., ChongS. A., AbdinE., EdelenM. O., PiccoL., LimY. W., PhuaM. Y., ChuaB. Y., TeeJ. Y., & SherbourneC. (2011). The positive mental health instrument: Development and validation of a culturally relevant scale in a multi-ethnic Asian population. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 9(92), 1–18
41.
World Health Organization. (2001). Mental health: New understanding. New Hope. The world health report.
42.
World Health Organization. (2002). Prevention and promotion in mental health.
43.
World Health Organization. (2003). Investing in mental health.
44.
World Health Organization. (2005a). Mental health action plan for Europe: Facing the Challenges, Building Solutions. Report form the WHO European Ministerial Conference.
45.
World Health Organization. (2005b). Promoting mental health: Concepts, emerging evidence, practice.
46.
WrightT. A., & CropanzanoR. (2000). Psychological well-being and job satisfaction as predictors of job performance. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(1), 84–94. https://doi.org/10.1037//1076-8998.5.1.84
47.
WrightT. A., & CropanzanoR. (2004). The role of psychological wellbeing in job performance: A fresh look at an age-old quest. Organizational Dynamics, 33, 338–351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2004.09.002.
48.
ZubrickS., & Kovess-MasfetyM. (2005). Indicators of mental health. InHerrmanH., SaxenaS. & MoodieR.(Eds.), Promoting mental health: Concepts, emerging evidence, practice (pp. 148–168). World Health Organization.
