Evidence from many countries shows that as societies modernise and women’s status rises, son preference declines. Yet in China the sex ratio at birth has been the highest in the world for over two decades despite rapid modernisation, urbanisation and huge improvements in women’s status. This study explored this apparent contradiction through interviews with 212 men and women in urban and rural areas of Zhejiang, Guizhou and Yunnan provinces. Results showed that women’s status is perceived as high across a range of factors, including educational attainment and opportunity, labour participation and roles at home and the workplace. The majority of interviewees expressed gender indifference and had clear views about why the sex ratio is persistently high in China. High sex ratios persist probably because, while the majority is essentially gender indifferent, it takes only a small minority undergoing selective abortion to skew the sex ratio.
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