Prostate cancer screening: The level of the evidence hierarchy

Abstract

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Bestwick

Wald

. Screening for prostate cancer. J Med Screen 2026: 9691413261440207. doi: 10.1177/09691413261440207

Lucassen

McCartney

Sullivan

. Prostate cancer: polygenic risk scores have not shown clinical benefit. Br Med J 2025; 389: r1179.

Takahashi

. Determining the clinical significance of pathological findings in prostate cancer. Virchows Arch 2024. doi: 10.1007/s00428-024-03804-w

US Preventive Services Task Force; Grossman

Curry

Owens

, et al. Screening for prostate cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA. 2018;319:1901–1913..

Wei

Barocas

Carlsson

, et al. Early detection of prostate cancer: AUA/SUO guideline part I: prostate cancer screening. J Urol 2023; 210: 46–53.

Cornford

van den Bergh

RCN

Briers

, et al. EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-ISUP-SIOG Guidelines on Prostate Cancer-2024 update. Part I: Screening, diagnosis, and local treatment with curative intent. Eur Urol 2024; 86: 148–163.

Roobol

de Vos

Auvinen

. European study of prostate cancer screening: 23-year follow-up: Reply. N Engl J Med 2026; 394: 410–411.

Penston

. Should we use total mortality rather than cancer specific mortality to judge cancer screening programmes? Yes. Br Med J 2011; 343: d6395.

Harris

. Prostate cancer cases might rise to 3 million globally by 2040. JAMA 2024; 331: 1698. doi: 10.1001/jama.2024.6729