Integrating Self-Referral for Mammography into Organised Screening: Results from an Italian Experience

de Koning HJ van Oortmarssen GJ van Ineveld BM Breast cancer screening: Its impact on clinical medicine. Br J Cancer 1990;61:292–7.

Hakama M . Design of the Finnish breast cancer screening study. In: Hakama M Miller AB , eds. Screening for breast cancer. Toronto: Hans Huber Publishers, 1988: 59–62.

Hakama M Elovainio L Kajantie R Breast cancer screening as public health policy in Finland. Br J Cancer 1991;64:962–4.

Forrest AP. Screening and breast cancer incidence. J Natl Cancer Inst 1990;82:1525–6.

Sin JP St Leger AS. Interventions to increase breast screening uptake: Do they make any difference? J Med Screen 1999;6:170–81.

Olsson S Andersson I Karlberg I Implementation of service screening with mammography in Sweden: From pilot study to nationwide programme. J Med Screen 2000;7:14–8.

Beemsterboer PM de Koning HJ Looman CW Mammography requests in general practice during the introduction of nationwide breast cancer screening, 1988–1995. Eur J Cancer 1999;35:450–4.

van Leiden HA van Gessel-Dabekaussen AA van der Maas PJ Trends in mammography 1991–96 and the impact of nationwide screening in the Netherlands. J Med Screen 1999;6:94–8.

Autier P Shannoun F Scharpantgen A A breast cancer screening programme operating in a liberal health care system: The Luxembourg Mammography Programme, 1992–1997. Int J Cancer 2002;97:828–32.

Lacour A Mamelle N Arnold F Mass screening programmes for breast cancer in France: Comparative evaluation. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris) 1997;26:470–83 (in French).

Seradour B Allemand H Schaffer P . French screening programme of breast cancer: Results from five districts (1989-1994). Bull Cancer 1997;84:822–8 (in French).

Alcaraz M Lluch A Miranda J Study of non-participation in the breast cancer screening programme in the city of Valencia (Spain). Gac Sanit 2002;16:230–5 (in Spanish).

Garstin IWH Kaufman Z Michell MJ Side-effects of screening. Eur J Cancer 1993;29A:2150–2.

Ballard-Barbash R Klabunde C Paci E Breast cancer screening in 21 countries: Delivery of services, notification of results and outcomes ascertainment. Eur J Cancer Prev 1999;8:417–26.

Giorgi D Giordano L Paci E Organisation and epidemiologic evaluation of a mammography screening programme. Attualità In Senologia 1999;1:1–15 (in Italian).

NHS Breast Screening Programme. Breast screening programme. Annual review 2002. Sheffield: NHS Breast Screening Programme, 2002.

Government Statistical Service. Breast Screening Programme, England: 2001. Available at http://www.doh.gov.uk/public/sb0201.htm (last accessed July 2003).

The Romagna Cancer Registry and Collaborators. Breast carcinoma stage in relation to time interval since last mammography. Cancer 1997;80:1432–7.

Blanks RG Moss SM Patnik J . Results from the UK NHS breast screening programme 1994–1999. J Med Screen 2000;7:195–8.

Fracheboud J de Koning HJ Beemsterboer PM Nationwide breast cancer screening in the Netherlands: Results of initial and subsequent screening 1990–1995. Int J Cancer 1998;75:694–8.

American Joint Committee on Cancer. Manual for staging of cancer. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1992: 149–54.

Zanetti R Crosignani P Rosso S , eds. Cancer in Italy. Incidence data from cancer registries. Second volume: 1988–1992. Rome: II Pensiero Scientifico Editore, 1997: 258–87.

Morris JA Gardner MJ. Calculating confidence intervals for relative risks (odds ratios) and standardised ratios and rates. BMJ 1988;296:1313–6.

Sickles EA. Mammography screening and the self-referred woman. Radiology 1988, 166:271–3.

Giordano L Giorgi D Fasolo G Breast cancer screening: Characteristics and results of the Italian programmes in the Italian Group for Planning and Evaluating Breast Cancer Screening Programmes (GISMa]. Tumori 1996;82:31–7.

Wait S Schaffer P Seradour B Opportunistic screening of breast cancer in France. Bull Cancer 1997;84:619–24 (in French).

Faux AM Lawrence GM Wheaton ME Slippage in the NHS breast screening programme: An assessment of whether a three year screening round is being achieved. J Med Screen 1998;5:88–91.

Giorgi D Paci E Zappa M Breast cancer early diagnosis experience in Florence: Can a self referral policy achieve the results of service screening? J Epidemiol Community Health 1994;48:471–5.

Whitehouse GH Leinster SJ Al-Sumidaie AM An analysis of referral patterns from a breast screening unit. Clin Radiol 1986;37:555–9.

Baines CJ To T Wall C . Women's attitudes to screening after participation in the National Breast Screening Study: A questionnaire survey. Cancer 1990;65:1663–9.

Reynolds HE Jackson VP. Self-referred mammography patients: Analysis of patients' characteristics. Am J Roentgenol 1991;157:481–4.

Seidman H Gelb SK Silverberg E Survival experience in the Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project. CA 1987;37:258–90.

Taplin S Anderman C Grothaus L . Breast cancer risk and participation in mammographic screening. Am J Publ Health 1989;79:1494–8.

Schairer C Lubin J Troisi R Menopausal estrogen and estrogen-progestin replacement therapy and breast cancer risk. JAMA 2000;283:485–91.

Carter CL Corle DK Micozzi MS A prospective study of the development of breast cancer in 16,692 women with benign breast disease. Am J Epidemiol 1988;128:467–77.

Duffy SW Roberts MM Elton RA. Risk factors for breast cancer: Relevance to screening. J Epidemiol Community Health 1983;37:127–31.

London SJ Connolly JL Schnitt SJ A prospective study of benign breast disease and the risk of breast cancer. JAMA 1992;267:941–4.

McCaul KD Branstetter AD Schroeder DM What is the relationship between breast cancer risk and mammography screening? A meta-analytic review. Health Psychol 1996;15:423–9.

Zapka JG Stoddard AM Costanza ME Breast cancer screening by mammography: Utilization and associated factors. Am J Publ Health 1989;79:1499–502.

Holli K Isolo J Cuzick J . Low biologic aggressiveness in breast cancer in women using hormone replacement therapy. J Clin Oncol 1998;16:3115–20.