James Marion Sims and the Rise of Gynaecological Surgery

Sims JM . The Story of My Life. New York: D Appleton, 1884: 113

Ibid.:116

Harris S. Woman's Surgeon: The Life Story of J. Marion Sims. New York: Macmillan, 1950: 28

Sims JM (op. cit. ref. 1):210

Sims JM . Operation for double congenital hairlip. Am J Dental Sci. 1844; 5: 51–6

Sims JM (op. cit. ref. 1):209

Lederer SE . Subjected to Science: Human Experimentation in America before the Second World War. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995: 115–16

Sims JM . Osteo-sarcoma of the lower jaw. Resection of the body of the bone. Am J Med Sci. 1846; 11: 128–32

Fisher W. Physicians and slavery in the antebellum Southern medical journal. J Hist Med Allied Sci. 1968; 23: 36–49

Sims JM . Trismus nascentium. Its pathology and treatment. Am J Med Sci. 1846; 11: 363–79

Sims JM . Further observations on trismus nascentium. Am J Med Sci. 1849; 16: 59–78, 354–66

Sims JM (op. cit. ref. 1):226

Ibid.:231

Garrison FH . An Introduction to the History of Medicine (4th edn). Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1929: 509

Sims JM (op. cit. ref. 1):234–5

Sims JM . Silver Sutures in Surgery. New York: Samuel S and William Wood, 1858: 59

Harris S (op. cit. ref. 3):113

Sims JM (op. cit. ref. 1):259

Sims JM . On the treatment of vesico-vaginal fistula. Am J Med Sci. 1852; 23: 59–82

Sims JM (op. cit. ref. 1):267

Ibid.:269

Harris S (op. cit. ref. 3):175

Ibid.:175–6

Ibid.:200

Sims JM . Clinical notes on uterine surgery, with special reference to the management of the sterile condition. Lancet 1864; ii: 413–16, 457–8, 542–4, 627–8; 1865; i: 17–20, 74–8, 114–15, 214–18, 263–5, 418–20

Sims JM . Clinical Notes on Uterine Surgery. New York: William Wood, 1866 (also London: Hardwicke, 1866)

Traverso LW . Carl Langenbuch and the first cholecystectomy. Am J Surg 1976; 132: 81–2

Sims JM . Cholecystotomy for the Removal of Gallstones in Dropsy of the Gall Bladder. London: Richards, 1878

Sims JM . The surgical treatment of President Garfield. North Am Rev. 1881; 133: 594–601

Shingleton HM . Cervical cancer: a treatment evolves. Gynec Oncol 1986; 25: 261–70

Paul O. Doctors' autobiographies. J Med Biog 1997; 5: 102–15

Harris S (op. cit. ref. 3)

Ojanuga D. The medical ethics of the “Father of Gynecology,” Dr. J. Marion Sims. J Med Ethics 1993; 19: 28–31

Richardson DA . Ethics in gynecologic surgical innovation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994; 170: 1–6

Barker-Benfield CJ . The Horrors of the Half-Known Life. New York: Harper and Row, 1976: 91–119

Daly M. Gyn/Ecology: The Metaethics of Radical Feminism. Boston: Beacon Press, 1978: 225–6

McGregor DK . Sexual Surgery and the Origins of Gynecology: J. Marion Sims, His Hospital, and His Patients. New York: Garland, 1989

Kaiser IH . Reappraisals of J. Marion Sims. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1978; 132: 878–84

Dally A. Women Under the Knife: A History of Surgery. New York: Routledge, 1991: 30

McMillen SG . “No uncommon disease”: neonatal tetanus, slave infants, and the Southern medical profession. J Hist Med Allied Sci. 1991; 46: 291–314

Longo LD . The rise and fall of Battey's operation: a fashion in surgery. Bull Hist Med. 1974; 53: 244–67

Walton DN . Courage: A Philosophical Investigation. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986

Garrison FH (op. cit. ref. 14)

Walton DN (op. cit. ref. 42)

Longo LD . Classic pages in obstetrics and gynecology. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995; 172: 1936–7

Sims JM (op. cit. ref. 16):55