Robert Donaldson (1887–1933): Pioneer of the Biological Treatment of Infected Wounds

1 Wainwright M . Biological control of microbial infections and cancer in humans: Historical use to future potential. Biocon Sci Technol 1994; 4: 123–31.

2 Donaldson R . A new method of wound treatment by the agency of living cultures of a proteolytic spore-bearing anaerobe introduced into the wound. Edinburgh Med J 1919; 22: 3–34.

3 Donaldson Robert (obituary). BMJ 1933; i: 84.

4 Donaldson Robert (obituary). Lancet 1933; i: 112–13.

5 Donaldson R Joyce L . Wound treatment by the introduction of living cultures of a spore bearing anaerobe of the proteolytic group. Lancet 1917; ii: 445–52.

6 Donaldson R . On a New-Method of War-Wound Treatment by the Introduction to the Wound of a Living Culture of a Spore-Bearing Anaerobe of the Proteolytic Group . phd thesis. University of Edinburgh, 1918.

7 Donaldson R . Character and properties of the “Reading bacillus”, on which a new method of treatment of wounds has been based. J Pathol Bacterial 1918; 22: 129–51.

8 Florey HW Chain E Heatley NG Antibiotics, Vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1949.

9 Wainwright M . Maggot therapy — A backwater in the fight against bacterial infection. Pharm Hist 1988; 30: 19–26.

10 Sherman RA Wyle F Vulpe M Levson L Castillo L . The utility of maggot therapy for treating pressure sores. J Am Paraplegia Soc 1993; 16: 269.

11 Donaldson R . The bacteriology of influenza — With special reference to Pfeiffer's bacillus. In: Crookshank FG , ed. Influenza: Essays by Several Authors. London: Heinemann, 1922: 139–313; 144.

12 van Helvoort T . A bacteriological paradigm in influenza research in the first half of the twentieth century. Hist Phil Life Sci 1993; 15: 3–21.