The Nondestructive estimation method of nitrogen content level of rubber tree foliage was investigated utilizing near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and Grünwald-Letnikov fractional calculus. Four models, including partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), support vector machine (SVM), extreme learning machine (ELM) and convolutional neural networks (CNN) are applied to construct the nitrogen estimation model. The results show that models established by 0.6-order or 1.6-order spectra achieved better performance than models with integer-order spectra. Afterward, the successive projections algorithm (SPA) is applied to reduce the number of variables, which is critical for developing portable nitrogen-level detector devices for rubber trees. The PLS-DA method achieved the best performance with an optimal recognition rate (97.73%) using the 1.6-order spectra. The results suggest that nitrogen content of rubber trees could be reliably estimated by fractional calculus processed NIR spectra. The method proposed here has a wide range of applicability and can provide more useful information for NIR spectral analysis in agriculture as well as other fields.
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