The South China Sea

1 See the statement by Wang Yinfan at the second workshop on `Managing Potential Conflicts in the South China Sea' in July 1991, reprinted in M. Singgih Hadipranowo et al., eds, The Second Workshop on Managing Potential Conflicts in the South China Sea (Jakarta: Research and Development Agency, Indonesia, 1991), p. 191.

2 Ibid., p. 193.

3 Liaowang Zhoukan (Outlook Weekly, overseas edition), 5 August 1991, p. 28.

4 Ibid.

5 Statement of the Eighth Workshop on Managing Potential Conflicts in the South China Sea, issued by the Indonesian workshop in Pacet, Puncak, West Java, 2-6 December 1997.

6 The following analysis is extracted from Lee Lai To, `Defusing Rising Tension in the Spratlys: An Analysis of the Workshops on Managing Potential Conflicts in the South China Sea', American Asian Review, vol. 12, no. 4, Winter 1994, pp. 187-209; and `Maritime Security Cooperation in the South China Sea in the 1990s', paper presented at the 11th Asia-Pacific Roundtable, Kuala Lumpur, 5-8 June 1997.

7 See, for example, interview with Xu Guangjian, Director of Department of Treaty and Law of the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs in The Straits Times, 11 October 1995.

8 See Hasjim Djalal, `Maritime Security Cooperation in the Asia Pacific Region', paper presented at the 11th Asia-Pacific Roundtable, Kuala Lumpur, 5-8 June 1997, p. 2.

9 See Ye Jiayu, `Developing Inter-regional Cooperation to Ensure the Safety of Maritime Traffic in the South China Sea', in Singgih Hadipranowo (see note 1 above), pp. 127-136.

10 The Straits Times, 17 May 1996.

11 For details, see Lee Lai To, `ASEAN and the South China Sea Conflicts', The Pacific Review, vol. 8, no. 3, 1995, pp. 531-543.

12 Foreign Broadcast Information Service, FBIS-CHI-92-141, 22 July 1992, pp. 1-2. Emphasis added.

13 Lianhe Zaobao, 5 April 1994.

14 ASEAN, Annual Report of the ASEAN Standing Committee - 1994-1995 (Jakarta: ASEAN Secretariat, 1995), p. 60.

15 For the text of the statement, see, for example, Ralph A. Cossa, ed., Security Implications of Conflict in the South China Sea (Honolulu: Pacific Forum/CSIS, 1996), App. G, p. G-1.

16 The Straits Times, 19 May 1995.

17 Twenty-eighth ASEAN Ministerial Meeting, Post Ministerial Conferences and Dialogue Partners and Second ASEAN Regional Forum (Jakarta: ASEAN Secretariat, 1995), p. 84.

18 Ibid., p. 66.

19 Twenty-ninth ASEAN Ministerial Meeting (AMM), Post Ministerial Conferences with Dialogue Partners (PMC), and Third ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) (Jakarta: ASEAN Secretariat, 1996), p. 96.

20 FBIS-CHI-96-144, 23 July 1996. Emphasis added.

21 Ibid.

22 See Chairman's statement from the fourth ARF, at http://www.aseansec.org/politics/pol_arf4.htm, p. 2.

23 For the Chairman's statement from the fifth ARF, see http://www.aseansec.org/amm/pol_arf5.htm, p. 3.

24 ASEAN, Annual Report (see note 14 above), p. 60.

25 The flexible arrangement made by Tang Jiaxuan was reported in an article about Tang's rise to the post of Chinese foreign minister in Lianhe Zaobao, 24 March 1998. See also Lianhe Zaobao, 4 April 1995, for China's proposals at these `informal' discussions.

26 Lianhe Zaobao, 18 April 1997.

27 The Straits Times, 18 April 1997.

28 BBC, Summary of World Broadcasts (SWB), Part 3: Asia Pacific, FED 2673, 07/25/96.

29 Twenty-ninth ASEAN Ministerial Meeting (AMM), Post Ministerial Conferences with Dialogue Partners (PMC), and Third ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), pp. 155-156.

30 BBC, SWB, Part 3: Asia-Pacific, FED 2984, 7/30/97 and FED 2985, 7/31/97.

31 Foreign Broadcast Information Service, FBIS-CHI-97-210, 07/29/97.

32 BBC, SWB, Part 3: Asia Pacific, FED 3105, 12/18/97.

33 BBC, SWB, Part 3: Asia Pacific, FED 3101, 12/12/97.

34 FBIS-CHI-97-356, 12/22/97. Emphasis added.