Monitoring of Total Chromium in Rat Fluids and Lymphocytes Following Intratracheal Administration of Soluble Trivalent or Hexavalent Chromium Compounds
Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online September, 1993
Monitoring of Total Chromium in Rat Fluids and Lymphocytes Following Intratracheal Administration of Soluble Trivalent or Hexavalent Chromium Compounds
1 Intratracheal instillation of sodium dichromate (CrVI) and chromium acetate hydroxide (CrIII) to male Wistar rats gave rise to increased chromium concentrations in whole blood, plasma and urine up to 72 h post exposure; peak concentrations were reached at 6 h after exposure.
2 The ratio of whole blood chromium to plasma chromium concentrations was significantly different for Cr(VI) and CR(III) treatments. Both blood chromium and plasma chromium assays should therefore be used for the assessment of chromium exposure.
3 Chromium was also detected in peripheral lymphocytes. Cr(VI), but not Cr(lll) accumulated significantly in the lymphocytes after treatment. These cells have potential to be used for biomarkers of the assessment of exposure to chromium compounds.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Waterhouse Jah.Cancer among chromium platers. British Journal of Cancer1975; 32: 262.
2.
Sorahan T., Burges Dcl & Waterhouse Jah.A mortality study of nickel/chromium platers . British Journal of Industrial Medicine1987 ; 44: 250-8.
3.
Davies JM, Easton DF & Bidstrup PLMortality from respiratory cancer and other causes in United Kingdom chromate production workers. British Journal of Industrial Medicine1991; 48: 299-313.
4.
Levy LS, Martin PA & Bidstrup PLInvestigation of the potential carcinogenicity of a range of chromium containing materials on rat lung. British Journal of Industrial Medicine1986; 43: 243-56.
5.
Levis AG, Bianchi V., Tamino G. & Pegoraro B.Cytotoxic effects of hexavalent and trivalent chromium compounds on mammalian cells in vitro. British Journal of Cancer1978; 37: 386-96.
6.
Garcia JD & Jennette KWElectron transport cytochrome P-450 system is involved in the microsomal metabolism of the carcinogen chromate. Journal of InorganicChemistry1981; 14: 281-95.
7.
Wolf T., Kasemann R. & Ottenwälder H.Molecular interaction of different chromium species with nucleotides and nucleic acids. Carcinogenesis1989; 10: 655-9.
8.
Niosh.Criteria for a recommended standard ... Occupational exposure to chromium(VI). U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Washington, DC.1975.
9.
The Health and Safety Executive (HSE).Occupational exposure limits. Guidance Note EH 40/92 from the Health and Safety Executive . London, HMSO, 1992.
10.
Franchini R. , Mutti A., Cavatorta E., Pedronic C. & Borghett A.Chromium. In: Industrial Health and Safety - Biological indicators for the assessment of human exposure to industrial chemicals. Commission of the European Communities , Publication No. EUR 8903 EN, eds L. Alessio, A. Berlin, M. Boni & R. Roi, pp 32—51. Ispra Establishment, 1984.
11.
Bragt PC & Van-Dura EA. Toxicokinetics of hexavalent chromium in the rat after intratracheal administration of chromates of different solubilities . Annals of Occupational Hygiene1983; 27: 315-22.
12.
Perera F.The potential usefulness of biological markers in risk assessment . Environmental Health Perspectives1987; 76: 141-5.
13.
Gray SJ & Sterling K.The tagging of red cells and plasma proteins with radioactive chromium . Journal of Clinical Investigation1950; 291604-13.
14.
Coogan TP, Squibb KS, Motz J., Kinney PL & Costa M.Distribution of chromium within cells of the blood. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology1991; 108: 157-166.
15.
Hersey P.The separation and 51chromium labeling of human lymphocytes with in vivo studies of survival and migration. Blood1971; 38: 360-71.
16.
Gao M., Binks SP, Chipman JK, Levy LS, Braithwaite & Brown SSInduction of DNA strand breaks in peripheral lymphocytes by soluble chromium compounds. Human & Experimental Toxicology1992; 11: 77-82.
17.
Birnboim HC & Jevcak JJFluorometric method for rapid detection of DNA strand breaks in human white blood cells produced by low doses of radiation . Cancer Research1981; 41: 1889-92.
18.
Schermaier AJ, O'Connor LH & Pearson KHSemi-automated determination of chromium in whole blood and serum by Zeeman electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry . Clinica Chimica Acta1985; 152: 123-34.
19.
Halls DJ & Fell GSThe problem of background correction in the determination of chromium in urine by atomic spectrometry with electrothermal atomisation. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry1986; 1: 135-9.
20.
Suzuki Y., Homma K., Minami M. & Yoshikawa H.Distribution of chromium in rats exposed to hexavalent chromium and trivalent chromium aerosols. IndustrialHealth1984; 22: 261-77.
21.
Bryson WG & Goodall CMDifferential toxicity and clearance kinetics of chromium(III) or (VI) in mice . Carcinogenesis1983; 4: 1535-9.
22.
Weber H.Long-term study of the distribution of soluble chromate-51 in the rat after a single intratracheal administration. Journal of Toxicology &Environmental Health1983; 11: 749-64.
23.
Wiegand HJ, Ottenwälder H. & Bolt HMDisposition of intratracheally administration chromium(III) and chromium(VI) in rabbits. Toxicology Letters1984; 22: 273-6.
24.
Buttner B. & Beyersmann D.Modification of the erythrocyte anion carrier by chromate. Xenobiotica1985; 15: 735-41.
25.
Wiegand HJ, Ottenwälder H. & Bolt HMThe reduction of chromium(VI) to chromium(III) by glutathione: an intracellular redox pathway in the metabolism of the carcinogen chromate. Toxicology1984; 33: 241-48.
26.
Bergsten P. , Amitai G, Kehrl, Dhariwal KR, Klein HG & Levine M.Millimolar concentrations of ascorbic acid in purified human mononuclear leukocytes. Journal of Biological Chemistry1990; 265: 2584-7.
27.
Suzuki Y. & Fukuda K.Reduction of hexavalent chromium by ascorbic acid and glutathione with special reference to the rat lung. Archives of Toxicology1990; 64: 169-176.
28.
Standeven AM & Wetterhahn KEAscorbate is the principle reductant of chromium(VI) in rat liver and kidney ultrafiltrates. Carcinogenesis1991; 12: 1733-1737.
29.
McAughey JJ , Samuel AM, Baxter & Smith NJBiological monitoring of occupational exposure in the chromate pigment production industry. Science of the Total Environment1988; 71: 317-22.
