Review Paper: Fluorescent lighting and health

Stewart T. Problems caused by the continuous use of visual display units Lighting Res. Technol. 12(1) 26-36 (1980)

Goacher J H Eyestrain : The environmental causes and their prevention Proc. National Lighting Conf, Cambridge (London: Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers) pp AF1-AF7 ( 1980)

Levitt J.G. The visual problems associated with the introduction of visual display units into existing commercial offices Proc. National Lighting Conf, Cambridge (London : Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers ) pp AH1-AH5 (1980)

Grandjean E and Vigiliani E (eds.) Ergonomics aspects of visual display terminals (London: Taylor & Francis) (1980)

Pearce B (ed.) Health Hazards of VDTS? (Chichester: Wiley) (1984)

Stone P.T. Issues in vision and lighting for users of VDUS In: Health Hazards of VDTS? Pearce B (ed.) (Chichester: Wiley) ( 1984)

Dennis J.A. , Muirhead C.R. and Ennis J.R. Epidemiological studies of exposures to electromagnetic fields: I General health and birth outcome J Radiol. Prot. 11(1) 3-12 (1991)

Guidance as to restrictions on exposures to time-varying electromagnetic field and the 1988 recommendation of the Intemational Non-ionizing Radiation Committee National Radiological Protection Board Guidance on Standards NRPB GS11 (London: HMSO) (1989)

International Non-ionising Radiation Committee Guidelines on limits of exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in the frequency range 100 kHz to 300 kHz Health Physics 54 115-123 (1988)

Dennis J.A. , Muirhead C.R. and Ennis J.R. Epidemiological studies of exposures to electromagnetic fields: II Cancer J. Radiol. Prot. 11(1) 13-25 (1991)

McKinlay A.F. and Diffey B.L. A reference action spectrum for ultra-violet induced erythema in human skin In: Human Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation: Risks and Regulations Passchier W F and Bosnakovic B F M (eds.) pp 83-87 (Oxford: Excerpta Medica) ( 1987)

McKinlay A.F. and Whillock M.J. Measurement of ultra-violet radiation from fluorescent lamps used for general lighting and other purposes in the UK In: Passchier W F and Bosnakovic B F M (eds.) Human Exposure to Ultra-violet Radiation: Risks and Regulations pp253-258(Oxford: Excerpta Medica) (1987)

Whillock M. , Clark I.E. , McKinlay A.F. , Todd C.D. and Mundy S.I. Ultraviolet radiation levels associated with the use of fluorescent general lighting, UVA, and UVB lamps in the workplace and home National Radiological Protection Board Report NRPB-R22 (London: HMSO) (1986)

Beral G. , Evans S. , Shore H. and Milton G. Malignant melanoma and exposure to fluorescent lighting at work Lancet 290-293 (1980)

Pastemack B. , Dubin N. and Moseson M Malignant melanoma and exposure to fluorescent lighting (Letter) Lancet 704 (1983)

Rigel D.S. , Friedman R.J. , Levenstein M.J. and Greenwald D.I. Malignant melanoma and exposure to fluorescent lighting at work. (Letter) Lancet 704 (1983 )

Rigel D.S. , Friedman R.J. , Levenstein M.J. and Greenwald D.I. Relationship of fluorescent lights to malignant melanoma: another view J. Dermatol, Surg. Oncol. 836-838 (1983)

Sorahan T. and Grimley R.P. The aetiological significance of sunlight and fluorescent lighting in malignant melanoma: a case-control study Br. J. Cancer 52 765-769 (1980)

English D.R. , Rouse I.L. , Xu Z. , Watt J.D. , Holman C. , Heenan P.J. and Armstrong B.K. Cutaneous malignant melanoma and fluorescent lighting J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 74 1191-1197 (1985)

Elwood J.M. , Williamson C. and Stapleton P.J. Malignant melanoma in relation to moles, pigmentation, and exposure to fluorescent and other lighting sources Br. J. Cancer 53 65-74 (1986)

Elwood J.M. Could Melanoma be caused by fluorescent light? A review of relevant epidemiology In: Recent Results in Cancer Research Vol. 102 pp 127-136 (Heidelberg, Berlin: Springer) (1986)

Muel B. , Cesarini J-P. and Elwood J.M. Malignant melanoma and fluorescent lighting In: Passchier W F and Bosnjakovic B F M (eds.) Human Exposure to Ultraviolet Radiation: Risks and Regulations pp 89-96 (Oxford: Excerpta Medica ) ( 1987)

Harber L.C. , Whitman G.B. , Armstrong R.B. and Deleo V A Photosensitivity diseases related to interior lighting Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 453 317-327 (1985)

Hollwich F. and Dieckhues B The effect of natural and artificial light via the eye on the hormonal and metabolic balance of animal and man Ophthalmologica 180(4) 188-197 (1980)

Lewy A.J. and Markey S.P. Analysis of melatonin in human plasma by gas chromatography negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry Science 201 741-743 (1978)

Rosenthal N.E. , Sock D.A. , Carpenter C.J. , Parry B.L. , Mendelson W.B. and Wehr T. A Antidepressant effects of light in seasonal affective disorder Amer. J. Psychiatry 142(2) 163-170 (1985)

Lewy A.J. , Sock R.L. , Miller S. and Hoban T M Antidepressant and circadian phase-shifting effects of light Footnote 17 Science 235 352-354 (1987)

Wirz-Justice A. , Fisch Hans-Ueli and Woggon B How much light is antidepressant? (Letter) Psychiatry Res. 17 75-77 (1986)

Oren D.A. , Rosenthal F.S. , Rosenthal N.E. , Waxler M. and Wehr T. A Exposure to ultraviolet B radiation during phototherapy (Letter) Am. J. Psychiatry 147(5) 675-676 (1990)

CIBS Code for Interior Lighting (London: Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers) ( 1984)

Brundrett G.W. Sensitivity to flicker Lighting Res. Technol. 6(3) 127-143 (1974)

Wilkins A.J. , Nimmo-Smith E. , Slater A.I. and Bedocs L Fluorescent lighting, headaches and eyestrain Lighting Res. Technol. 21(1) 11-18 (1989)

Binnie C.D. , de Korte R.A. and Wisman T. Fluorescent lighting and epilepsy Epilepsia 20(6) 725-727 (1979)

Stirling E. and Stirling T. The impact of different ventilation levels and fluorescent lighting types on building illness: an experimental study Canad. J. Public Health 74 385-392 (1983)

The Office Environment Surveys : Study of Building Sickness (London: Building Use Studies) (1987)

Collins B.L. Review of the psychological reaction to windows Lighting Res. Technol. 8(2) 80-88 (1976)

Smith S. Studies of small groups in confinement In: Sensory Deprivation: Fifteen Years of Research ed. Zubek J P pp 374-403 (New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts ) (1969)

Kirk R.E. and Othmer D.F. Chlorinated Biphenyls and related compounds Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology Vol. 5 3rd edn pp 844-847 (New York: Wiley) (1979)

Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Terphenyls Environmental Health Criteria 2 (Geneva: World Health Organization) (1976)

Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBS) used in capacitors for fluorescent and discharge lighting (London: Lighting Industry Federation)