A review of modem methods of chemical analysis for the characterisation of lamps and lamp materials is presented. The general categories which are discussed are in situ emission and absorption spectroscopy, electrical diagnostics of trace impurities, gas analysis by mass spectrometry and gas chromatography, vapour pressure and vapour composition measurements, surface analysis and x-ray methods, thermal analysis, and instrumental and wet-chemical methods for elemental analysis in solids. Numerous examples of the application of these methods to lamps and lamp materials are presented.
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