Drawing on the understanding of occupants' lighting use gained from previous BRE behavioural studies, the potential benefits of controls for electric lighting, such as energy saving or reduced installation costs, are described on a qualitative and, where possible, a quantitative basis. The paper reviews the options available for controlling lighting use, exploiting daylight and occupancy linking and various methods of central control including mains signalling, low voltage communication and remote ('wireless') signalling, discriminating between those that are technically feasible and those that have been developed from feasibility to 'off the shelf' systems.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Pascoe, J.P.C., Principles and developments of monitoring systems, Proc. CIBS Symposium, Centralised monitoring and control of building services , London (October 1979).
2.
Fisk, D.J., Microprocessors in building services —a control or a data revolution . Bldg. Serv. & Env. Eng2 (4) (1979).
3.
Fisk, D.J., Thermal control of buildings. Applied Science publishers (1981).
4.
Rubin, A., Energy conservation and building occupants, Proc. CIB Symposium, Energy conservation in the built environment, BRE, Garston (1976).
5.
Wiley, H., The environmental control system of occupied buildings, Trans. Martin Centre, 4, 115-137 (1979).
6.
Humphreys, M.A. , Field studies of thermal comfort compared and applied, BRE Current Paper CP 76/75 ( 1975).
7.
Fisk, D.J., Mean square error as a criterion for temperature control. BSER&T2 (3) (1981).
8.
Livesey, P., National Savings, Build. Serv., 3 (8) (1981).
9.
Crisp, V.H.C. , The light switch in buildings, LR&T10 (2) (1978).
10.
Hunt, D.R.G. , The use of lighting in relation to daylight and occupancy. Building & Environment, 14 (1979).
Hunt, D.R.G. , Availability of daylight, BRE Report ( 1979).
13.
Boyce, P.R. , Observations of the manual switching of lighting , LR&T, 12 (4) (1980).
14.
Crisp, V.H.C. & Ure, J.W., The energy implications of flexible lighting controls, Proc. IEE Conf. Effective use of electricity in buildings, London ( 1980).
15.
Ure, J.W. & Crisp, V.H.C., A comparison of lighting control systems, Proc 4th Lux Europa, Granada (1981).
16.
Crisp, V.H.C. , Energy conservation a preliminary assessment of automatic daylight control of artificial lighting, LR&T , 9 (1) ( 1977).
17.
McNeill, G.V. , Economics of fluorescent lighting, Lt. and Ltg., 69, 101 (May/June 1976).
18.
Alexander, D.K. , Crisp, V.H.C., McKennan, G.T. and Parry, C.M., Localised Lighting—A low energy alternative to uniform lighting in offices, Proc. CIBS Nat. Lighting Conf, Warwick ( 1982).
19.
Bedocs, L., Hart, A., Lynes, J.A. and Page, R.K., Return of the uplighters, Proc. CIBS Nat. Lighting Conf, Warwick (1982).
20.
Commission International de L'Elairage, Principles of Light measurement, CIE Pub. No. 18 (1970).
21.
Energy conservation—TEAM Awards, LAMSAC (1981).
22.
Scott, K. and Forster, R., Power saving devices in the lighting industry and their marketing , Proc. CIBS Nat. Lighting Conf, Warwick (1982).
23.
Mizano, T., Solid state based tubular fluorescent lamp ballast. Proc. CIBS Nat. Lighting Conf., Warwick ( 1982).
24.
Bloom, S., Serial digital bus heads for industrial systems, Electronic Design, Sept. 13, 137 ( 1980).
25.
Kay, R.A.S., Lighting energy conservation by infra-red and ripple control, Proc. CIBS Nat. Lighting Conf, Warwick (1982).
26.
McArthur, et al., The intelligent plug. Wireless World, 85 (1528) (1979).
27.
IES Code for interior lighting, CIBS London (1977).
28.
Boyce, P.R., Human factors in lighting. Applied Science publishers , London (1980).
29.
An analytic model for describing the influence of lighting parameters on visual performance, CIE pub. no. 19/2 ( 1981 ).
30.
CIBS Symposium, Centralised monitoring and control of building services, Discussion p. 10, London (October 1979).
