Minor, transverse moraine ridges have formed annually at the retreating north margin of Myrdalsjökull, 550-600 m a.s.l., in south Iceland during the period 1928-1981. They are composed of slabs of clast-paved lodgement till and their formation at the glacier edge results from subglacial freezing-on of sediment slabs during winter and the annual cycle of ice-front activity. This type of annual-moraine ridge is likely to be characteristic of retreating temperate glaciers where the glacier toe is thin and winters are cold. The speed of glacier retreat is finely balanced with changes in mean summer temperature suggesting that the short-term ice-front fluctuations are climatically induced and not a result of surge activity.
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11.
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12.
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13.
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14.
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15.
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Kriiger, J. and Humlum, O.1981: The proglacial area of Myrdalsjökull with particular reference to Sláttjökull and Höfdabrekkujökull. General report on the Danish Geomorphological Expedition to Iceland, 1977. Folia Geographica DanicaXV, 1-58.
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Liebricht, H.1983: Das Frostklima Islands seit dem Beginn der Instrumentenbeobachtung . Bamberger Geographische Schriften5, 1-109.
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22.
Price, RJ1970: Moraines at Fjallsjökull, Iceland. Arctic and Alpine Research2, 27-42.
23.
Sapper, K.1909: Bemerkungen über einige südisländische Glestcher . Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde3, 297-305.
24.
Sharp, M.1984: Annual moraine ridges at Skélafellsjökull, South-east Iceland. Journal of Glaciology30, 82-93.
25.
Sugden, D.E. and John, B.1977: Glaciers and landscape. London : Edward Arnold.
26.
Thorarinsson, S.1967: Washboard moraines in front of Skeidararjökull . Jökull17, 311-12.
27.
Worsley, P.1974: Recent 'annual' moraine ridges at Austre Okstindbreen, Okstindan, north Norway. Journal of Glaciology13, 265-77.
28.
Worsley, P. and Ward, M.R.1974. Plant colonization of recent 'annual' moraine ridges at Austre Okstindbreen, Okstindan, north Norway. Arctic and Alpine Research6, 217-30.
