Tephra deposits at Whitefish Lake and Cape Espenberg on the northernmost Seward Peninsula of western Alaska were derived from the Aniakchak Caldera on the Alaska Peninsula more than 1500 km to the south. Radiocarbon dates on the climactic, caldera-forming Aniakchak eruption and on proximal and distal tephra indicate the Aniakchak tephra was deposited about 3435 ± 40 BP (3614-3815 cal. BP), and forms an isochronous marker horizon across much of western Alaska. The Aniakchak tephra eruption and several other targe eruptions during the seventeenth century BC may have had widespread effects on climate.
Ager, T. 1982: Vegetational history of western Alaska during the Wisconsin glacial interval and Holocene. In Hopkins, D., Matthews, J., Schweger, C. and Young, S., editors, Paleoecology of Beringia, New York: Academic Press, 75–93.
2.
Ager, T. 1983: Holocene vegetational history of Alaska. In Wright, H.E., Jr., editor, Late Quaternary environments of the United States, v.2. The Holocene:Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 128–41.
3.
Bacon, C. 1983: Eruptive history of Mount Mazama and Crater Lake Caldera, Cascade Range, USA. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research18, 57–115.
4.
Bacon, C. 1990: Crater Lake, Oregon. In Wood, C. and Kienle, J., editors, Volcanoes of North America: Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 193–95.
5.
Baillie, M.G.L., and Munro, M.A.R., 1988: Irish tree-rings, Santorini and volcanic dust veils. Nature332, 344–46.
6.
Begét, J. and Limke, A., 1989: Two-dimensional kinematic and Theological modelling of the 1912 pyroclastic flow, Katmai, Alaska. Bulletin of Volcanology50, 148–60.
7.
Begét, J., Reger, R., Pinney, D., Gillispie, T. and Campbell, K.1991: Correlation of the Holocene Jarvis Creek, Tangle Lakes, Cantwell, and Hayes tephras in south-central and central Alaska. Quaternary Research35, 174–89.
8.
Borchardt, G., Aruscavage, P., and Millard, H., Jr.1972: Correlation of the Bishop ash, a Pleistocene marker bed, using instrumental neutron activation analysis. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology42, 301–306.
9.
Davis, J.O.1985: Correlation of Late Quaternary tephra layers in a long pluvial sequence near Summer Lake, Oregon. Quaternary Research23, 38–53.
10.
Hammer, C.U., Clausen, H.B., Friedrich, W.L., and Tauber, H.1987: The Minoan eruption of Santorini in Greece dated to 1645 BC?Nature328, 517–19.
11.
Hildreth, W. 1983: The compositionally zoned eruption of the 1912 ignimbrite in the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, Katmai National Park, Alaska. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research18, 1–56.
12.
Kaufmann, D. and Hopkins, D.1985: Late Cenozoic radiometric dates, Seward and Baldwin Peninsulas, and adjacent continental Shelf, Alaska. US Geological Survey Open-File Report85-374, 27p.
13.
LaMarche, V.C. and Hirschboeck, K.K.1984: Frost rings in trees as records of major volcanic eruptions. Nature307, 121–27.
14.
Lerbekmo, J, Westgate, J., Smith, D., and Denton, G.1975: New data on the character and history of the White River volcano eruption, Alaska. In Suggate, R., and Cresswell, M., editors, Quaternary Studies, Auckland: Royal Society of New Zealand, 203–209.
15.
Miller, R. 1990: Aniakchak, Alaska Peninsula. In Wood, C. and Kienle, J., editors, Volcanoes of North America, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 59–60.
16.
Miller, T. and Smith, R.1987: Late Quaternary caldera-forming eruptions in the eastern Aleutian arc, Alaska. Geology15, 434–38.
17.
Nelson, R., Carter, L.D. and Robinson, S., 1988: Anomalous radiocarbon ages from a Holocene detrital organic lens in Alaska and their implications for radiocarbon dating and paleoenvironmental reconstructions in the Arctic. Quaternary Research29, 66–71.
18.
Palais, J.M. and Sigurdsson, H.1989: Petrologic evidence of volatile emissions from major historic and prehistoric eruptions. In Berger, A., Dickinson, R. and Kidson, J., editors, Understanding Climate Change. American Geophysical Union Monograph 52, Washington DC: American Geophysical Union, 31–53.
19.
Riehle, J., Meyer, C., Ager, T., Kaufman, D and Ackerman, R.1987: The Aniakchak tephra deposit, a late Holocene marker horizon in western Alaska. US Geological Survey Circular998, 19–22.
20.
Simkin, T., Siebert, L., McClelland, L., Bridge, D., Newhall, C. and Latter, J.1981: Volcanoes of the World. Stroudsburg: Smithsonian Institution, Hutchinson Ross.
21.
Stuiver, M. and Becker, B.1986: High-precision decadal calibration of the radiocarbon time scale, AD 1950-2500 BC. Radiocarbon28, 863–910.
22.
Stuiver, M. and Reimer, P.1986: A computer program for radiocarbon age calibration. Radiocarbon28, 1022–30.
23.
Vogel, J.S., Cornell, W., Nelson, D.E. and Southon, J.R.1990: Vesuvius/Avellino, one possible source of seventeenth century BC climatic disturbances. Nature334, 534–37.
24.
Westgate, J. and Briggs, N.1985: Tephrochronology and fission-track dating. In N. Rutter, editor, Dating methods of Pleistocene deposits and their problems. Toronto: Geoscience Canada, 31–38.
