The hydraulic impedance characteristics of a cartridge-type relief valve are studied through measurement and mathematical modelling. Excellent agreement between the model and measurements is obtained. Most of the model parameters can be evaluated readily from measurement or calculation, though the friction factor and bulk modulus are adjusted to match the model to the measurements. The effect of the various physical parameters on the stability of the valve is discussed. The hydraulic inductance through the damping orifice is shown to have a very strong effect on the impedance and stability.
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