Neuroscience and schizophrenia are densely entangled and mutually supporting, such that a critical evaluation of schizophrenia is, effectively, an evaluation of applied aspects of contemporary neuroscience. A critical historical account of the development of schizophrenia is therefore followed by an overview of current issues and debates. A summary of possible future research directions then identifies a range of extant research strategies which already undercut or exceed this diagnosis. It is concluded that the example of schizophrenia functions more generally to illustrate how neuroscience need not rely upon poorly supported psychiatric concepts of mental illness.
AndreasenN. (2000). Schizophrenia: The fundamental questions. Brain Research Reviews, 31, 106–112.
2.
BeavanV.ReadJ.CartwrightC. (2011). The prevalence of voice-hearers in the general population: A literature review. Journal of Mental Health, 20(3), 281–292.
3.
BentallR. (2003). Madness explained. London, UK: Allen Lane.
4.
BentallR.KindermanP.KaneyS. (1994). The self, attributional processes and abnormal beliefs: Towards a model of persecutory delusions. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32, 331–341.
5.
BerriosG.LuqueR.VillagranJ. (2003). Schizophrenia: A conceptual history. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 3(2), 111–140.
6.
BleulerE. (1950). Dementia praecox or the group of schizophrenias (ZitkinJ., Trans.). New York, NY: International Universities Press. (Original work published 1911)
7.
BoydellJ.van OsJ.McKenzieK.AllardyceJ.GoelR.McCreadieG.MurrayR. (2001). Incidence of schizophrenia in ethnic minorities in London: Ecological study into interactions with environment. British Medical Journal, 323, 1336–1338.
BrookwellM. L.BentallR. P.VareseF. (2013). Externalizing biases and hallucinations in source-monitoring, self-monitoring, and signal detection studies: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Medicine, 43(12), 2465–2475.
CacioppoJ. T.CacioppoS.DulawaS.PalmerA. A. (2014). Social neuroscience and its potential contribution to psychiatry. World Psychiatry, 13(2), 131–139. doi:10.1002/wps.20118
12.
CaltonT.CheethamA.D’SilvaK.GlazebrookC. (2009). International schizophrenia research and the concept of patient-centredness: An analysis over two decades. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 55(2), 157–169.
13.
CharneyD.BarlowD.BotteronK.CohenJ.GoldmanD.GurR.… ZalcmanS. (2002). Neuroscience research agenda to guide development of a pathophysiologically based classification system. In KupferD.FirstM.RegierD. (Eds.), A research agenda for DSM-V (pp. 31–84). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
CohnS. (2010). Disrupting images: Neuroscientific representations in the lives of psychiatric patients. In ChoudhuryS.SlabyJ. (Eds.), Critical neuroscience: A handbook of the social and cultural contexts of neuroscience (pp. 179–194). Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
17.
CrombyJ. (2007). Integrating social science with neuroscience: Potentials and problems. Biosocieties, 2(2), 149–170.
18.
CrombyJ.HarperD.ReaveyP. (2013). Psychology, mental health and distress. London, UK: Palgrave.
19.
Cross Disorder Group of the Psychiatric Genetics Consortium. (2013). Identification of risk loci with shared effects on five major psychiatric disorders: A genome-wide analysis. Lancet, 381(9875), 1371–1379.
20.
CrowT. (2008). The emperors of the schizophrenia polygene have no clothes. Psychological Medicine, 38, 1681–1685. doi: 10.1017/S0033291708003395
21.
DeleuzeG.GuattariF. (1984). Anti-Oedipus: Capitalism and schizophrenia. London, UK: Athlone Press.
22.
Division of Clinical Psychology. (2013). Classification of behaviour and experience in relation to functional psychiatric diagnoses: Time for a paradigm shift. Leicester, UK: British Psychological Society.
FillmanS. G.SinclairD.FungS. J.WebsterM. J.Shannon WeickertC. (2014). Markers of inflammation and stress distinguish subsets of individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Translational Psychiatry, 4, e365.
25.
FrangouS. (2014). A systems neuroscience perspective of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 40(3), 523–531.
26.
Fusar-PoliP.PolitiP. (2008). Paul Eugen Bleuler and the birth of schizophrenia (1908). American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(11), 1407. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08050714
27.
GaretyP. A.FreemanD.JolleyS.DunnG.BebbingtonP.FowlerD.… DudleyR. (2005). Reasoning, emotions, and delusional conviction in psychosis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114(3), 373–384.
28.
HarréR. (2002). Cognitive science: A philosophical introduction. London, UK: Sage.
29.
HarrisonG.GunnellD.GlazebrookC.PageK.KwiecinskiR. (2001). Association between schizophrenia and social inequality at birth: Case-control study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 179, 346–350.
30.
HeinrichsR. W. (2003). Historical origins of schizophrenia: Two early madmen and their illness. Journal of the History of the Behavioural Sciences, 39(4), 349–363.
LightG.SwerdlowN. (2014). Neurophysiological biomarkers informing the clinical neuroscience of schizophrenia: Mismatch negativity and prepulse inhibition of startle. In KumariV.BobP.BoutrosN. (Eds.), Electrophysiology and psychophysiology in psychiatry and psychopharmacology (pp. 293–314). New York, NY: Springer.
36.
MakariG. (2008). Revolution in mind: The creation of psychoanalysis. London, UK: Harper.
37.
MathalonD.FordJ. (2012). Neurobiology of schizophrenia: Search for the elusive correlation with symptoms. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 6, 136.
38.
NollR. (2011). The rise and fall of dementia praecox. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University.
39.
PapouliasC.CallardF. (2010). Biology’s gift: Interrogating the turn to affect. Body and Society, 16(1), 29–56.
40.
ReadJ.FosseR.MoskowitzA.PerryB. (2014). The traumagenic neurodevelopmental model of psychosis revisited. Neuropsychiatry, 4(1), 65–79.
41.
ReadJ.van OsJ.MorrisonA. P.RossC. A. (2005). Childhood trauma, psychosis and schizophrenia: A literature review with theoretical and clinical implications. Acta-Psychiatrica-Scandinavica, 112, 330–350.
42.
RobertsG. (1990). Schizophrenia: The cellular biology of a functional psychosis. Trends in Neurosciences, 13(6), 207–211.
43.
RommeM.EscherS.DillonJ.CorstensD.MorrisM. (2009). Living with voices: 50 stories of recovery. Ross-on-Wye, UK: PCCS Books.
44.
RoseH.RoseS. (2012). Genes, cells and brains: The promethean promises of the new biology. London, UK: Verso.
45.
RoseN.Abi-RachidJ. (2013). Neuro. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
46.
RoseS. (1997). Lifelines: Life beyond the gene. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
47.
SchneiderK. (1959). Clinical psychopathology (5th ed.). New York, NY: Gruner & Stratton.
48.
TyrkaA. R.PriceL. H.MarsitC.WaltersO. C.CarpenterL. L. (2012). Childhood adversity and epigenetic modulation of the leukocyte glucocorticoid receptor: Preliminary findings in healthy adults. PLoS One, 7(1), e30148. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030148
49.
WoodsA.JonesN.BerniniM.CallardF.Alderson-DayB.BadcockJ. C.… FernyhoughC. (2014). Interdisciplinary approaches to the phenomenology of auditory verbal hallucinations. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 40(Suppl. 4), S246–S254.
