Reinforcement of acrylic resins for provisional fixed restorations. Part III: Effects of addition of titania and zirconia mixtures on some mechanical and physical properties

Abstract

Acrylic resins have been used in many different applications in dentistry, especially in the fabrication of provisional fixed partial dentures. Ideally, a provisional crown and bridge material should be easy to handle and should protect teeth against physical, chemical, and thermal injuries. Some of the problems associated with this use are related to the material's poor mechanical properties. It has been demonstrated that acrylic resin can be strengthened through the addition of structural component of different size distributed in the acrylic matrix, thus forming a composite structure.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the addition effects of mixtures of titania (titanium dioxide, TiO₂) powder and zirconia (zirconium dioxide, ZrO₂) powder being incorporated with pre‐polymerized beads mixed in monomer liquid, on some mechanical and physical properties of PMMA resin.

The pre‐polymerized powder poly(methyl methacrylate) resin was admixed with titania and zirconia powder. A mixing ratio was controlled by volume % of 0, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 (samples with 0 v/o served as control groups). For using mixture of titania and zirconia, total amount of the mixture was controlled by volume % of 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0, in which titania and zirconia were mixed at the ratio 1 :1, 1 :2 and 2 :1.

Prior to mechanical tests, all rectangular‐shaped samples (25 mm × 2 mm × 5 mm) were stored in 37°C distilled water for 7 days after polishing all six sides of samples. Samples were then subjected to the three‐point bending flexion test to evaluate the bending strength as well as the modulus of elasticity. Weight gain and exothermic reaction survey were investigated as well. All data were collected and analyzed with one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Sidak method (p=0.05).

It was found that the addition of particles generally decreased the water absorbed by the composite system. Only 1 percent by volume concentration of 1 :1 ratio and 2 percent by volume concentration of 1 :2 and 2 :1 ratios had significantly higher strength than control group. There was significantly higher toughness (in terms of energy‐to‐break) for 1 percent by volume concentration of 1 :1 ratio and 2 percent by volume concentration of 2 :1 ratio than control group. There was no significant difference between control group and all percent by volume combinations in modulus of elasticity. In addition, there was no significant variations of exothermic reaction.