The increasing number of automobiles is driving up the demand for petroleum, which presents both environmental and economic challenges. Alternatives like ethanol and biodiesel are practical and promote energy independence while helping the agriculture industry. This research looks into using biodiesel made from Jatropha as a partial diesel replacement to cut down on the use of fossil fuels and lessen their negative effects on the environment. It was tested in a single-cylinder diesel engine using fuel blends that contained 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% Jatropha biodiesel with diesel. The best engine performance was obtained with the 20% biodiesel mix (B20). As the engine load increased, emissions of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons reduced until they reached 80% of maximum capacity, after which they increased. Because biodiesel has a larger oxygen content, nitrogen oxide emissions rose slightly up to 80% load before falling. Because they may be utilized in existing engines without requiring major changes and offer performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics that are comparable to conventional diesel, Jatropha biodiesel blends up to B20 are very promising.
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