This paper explores domestic dynamics in the complex making of institutional psychiatry in Japan in c. 1920–45. It mainly examines gender issues between the relatively long-lasting system of the family care of mentally ill members and the use of freshly introduced systems of psychiatric hospitals. I shall look at the record of Ohji Brain Hospital (1901–45) in Tokyo, which has several thousands of case histories mainly in Tokyo c. 1920–45. From the analysis of the cases of male and female patients, as well as the complex situations of their households and kin groups, I shall look at the gender issues in the making of the psychiatric hospital regime.
AppignanesiL (2008) Mad, Bad and Sad: Women and the Mind Doctors, 1st American edn. New York: W.W. Norton & Co.; first published in 2007.
3.
AramB (2005) Juana the Mad: Sovereignty and Dynasty in Renaissance Europe. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
4.
ArrizabalagaJHendersonJFrenchR (1997) The Great Pox: The French Disease in Renaissance Europe. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
5.
BrandtAM (1987) No Magic Bullet: A Social History of Venereal Disease in the United States since 1880, 2nd edn.Oxford: Oxford University Press.
6.
BrieuxE, et al. (1924) Gunjin Reisan [Damaged Lives]. Arusu; originally published in French in 1901, and English in 1915.
7.
BurnsSL (2017) Reinvented places: ‘tradition’, ‘family care’ and psychiatric institutions in Japan. Social History of Medicine32(1): 99–120.
8.
BurnsSLBrooksBJ (2014) Gender and Law in the Japanese Imperium. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai‘i Press.
9.
BynumCW (1987) Holy Feast and Holy Fast: The Religious Significance of Food to Medieval Women. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
10.
ColeborneC (2010) Madness in the Family: Insanity and Institutions in the Australasian Colonial World, 1860–1914. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
11.
DigbyA (1985) Madness, Morality, and Medicine: A Study of the York Retreat, 1796–1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
12.
DonzéP-Y (2010) Studies abroad by Japanese doctors: a prosopographic analysis of the nameless practitioners, 1862–1912. Social History of Medicine23(2): 244–260.
13.
DuusP (1995) The Abacus and the Sword: The Japanese Penetration of Korea, 1895–1910. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
14.
EghigianG (2017) The Routledge History of Madness and Mental Health. New York: Routledge.
15.
FoucaultM (2006) History of Madness, trans. by MurphyJKhalfaJ. London and New York: Routledge; originally published in French in 1961.
16.
FournierA (1881) Syphilis and Marriage: Lectures Delivered at the St. Louis Hospital, Paris, trans. by MorrowP. Albert. New York: D. Appleton; originally published in French in 1880.
17.
FukudaMSuzukiN (2005) NihonBaidoksshi no Kenkyu [The History of Syphilis in Japan]. Shubunkaku Shuppan.
18.
GerowAA (2008) A Page of Madness: Cinema and Modernity in 1920s Japan. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
19.
GilmanSL (1985) Difference and Pathology: Stereotypes of Sexuality, Race, and Madness. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
20.
GilmanSL (1988) Disease and Representation: Images of Illness from Madness to Aids. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
21.
GoldbergA (1999) Sex, Religion, and the Making of Modern Madness: The Eberbach Asylum and German Society, 1815–1849. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
22.
GoldsteinJ (1987) Console and Classify: The French Psychiatric Profession in the Nineteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
23.
GotoM (2019) Nihon no Seishinka Nyuin no Rekishikozo: Shakai Boei, Chiryo, Shakai Fukushi [Historical Structure of Psychiatric Admissions in Japan]. Rokka Shuppan. Tokyo Daigaku Shuppannkyoku.
24.
HashimotoA (2011) Seishin Byosha to Shitaku Kanchi: Kindai Nihon Seishin Iryoshi no Kisoteki Kenkyu [Those Mentally Ill and in Home Confinement]. Rokka Shuppan. Seishin Byosha to Shitaku Kanchi: Kindai Nihon Seishin Iryoshi no Kisoteki Kenkyu. Rokka Shuppan.
25.
HekmaG (ed.) (2011) A Cultural History of Sexuality in the Modern Age. London: Bloomsbury.
26.
HessV (2018) A paper machine of clinical research in the early twentieth century. Isis109(3): 473–493.
27.
HessVMendelsohnJA (2010) Case and series: Medical knowledge and paper technology, 1600–1900. History of Science48(3–4): 287–314.
28.
HirutaG (1985) Hayari Yamai to Kitsune Tsuki [Epidemic Disease and Fox-Possession]. Misuzu Shobo.
29.
HughesK (2005) The Short Life & Long Times of Mrs Beeton. New York: Fourth Estate.
30.
ItodaH (1993) Kazoku no Ho to Rekishi: Uji, Koseki, Sosen Suhai [The Law and the History of the Family]. Sekaishisosha.
31.
KikuchiK (1969) Chichi Kaeru and Okujō no Kyōjin [Father Returns and Madman on the Roof]; originally published in 1916.
32.
KimH (2014) Doctors of Empire: Medical and Cultural Encounters between Imperial Germany and Meiji Japan. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
33.
KimY (2018) Seeing cages: home confinement in early twentieth-century Japan. Journal of Asian Studies77(3): 635–658.
34.
KinugasaT (2017) A Page of Madness & Portrait of a Young Man [Film]. Blu-ray [Import]; originally released in 1926.
35.
KitanakaJ (2012) Depression in Japan: psychiatric cures for a society in distress. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
36.
KuroyanagiT (1999) Iwasaki Chihiro. Shirarezaru Ai no Shogai [Iwasaki Chihiro]. Kodansha.
37.
LeavittJW (1996) Typhoid Mary: Captive to the Public’s Health. Boston, MA: Beacon Press.
38.
LedererD (2009) Madness, Religion and the State in Early Modern Europe: A Bavarian Beacon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
39.
LeungAKCNakayamaI (eds) (2017) Gender, Health, and History in Modern East Asia. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
40.
MacDonaldM (1981) Mystical Bedlam: Madness, Anxiety and Healing in Seventeenth-Century England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
41.
MellynEW (2014) Mad Tuscans and Their Families: A History of Mental Disorder in Early Modern Italy. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.
42.
MicaleMS (1995) Approaching Hysteria: Disease and Its Interpretations. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
43.
MidelfortHCE (1999) A History of Madness in Sixteenth-Century Germany. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
44.
MoranEJ (2019) Madness on Trial: A Transatlantic History of English Civil Law and Lunacy. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
45.
NalleST (2001) Mad for God: Bartolome Sanchez, the Secret Messiah of Cardenete. Charlottesville, VA: University Press of Virginia.
46.
PorterR (1987) Mind-Forg’d Manacles: A History of Madness in England from the Restoration to the Regency. London: Athlone Press.
47.
QuételC (1992) History of Syphilis. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
48.
SandJ (2003) House and Home in Modern Japan: Architecture, Domestic Space and Bourgeois Culture, 1880–1930. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
49.
ScullAT (1993) The Most Solitary of Afflictions: Madness and Society in Britain, 1700–1900. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
50.
ScullAT (2015) Madness in Civilisation: The Cultural History of Insanity, from the Bible to Freud, from the Madhouse to Modern Medicine. London: Thames & Hudson.
51.
ShorterE (1997) A History of Psychiatry: From the Era of the Asylum to the Age of Prozac. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
52.
SuzukiA (2003) The state, family, and the insane in Japan, 1900–45. In: PorterRWrightD (eds)The Confinement of the Insane: International Perspectives, 1800–1965. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 193–225.
53.
SuzukiA (2006) Madness at Home: The Psychiatrist, the Patient, and the Family in England, 1820–1860, Vol. 13. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
54.
TakahashiS (1982) Takahashi Shinkichi Zenshu Seitosha [Collected Works of Takahashi Shin’kichi], Vol. 4. Seitosha.
55.
ThurmanJ (1982) Isak Dinesen: The Life of a Storyteller. New York: St Martin’s Press.
56.
Uji’ieM (2009) Edo no Yamai [Diseases of Edo]. Tokyo: Kodansha.
WiseS (2012) Inconvenient People: Lunacy, Liberty and the Mad-Doctors in Victorian England. London: Bodley Head.
59.
WrightD (1997) Getting out of the asylum: understanding the confinement of the insane in the nineteenth century. Social History of Medicine10(1): 137–155.
60.
YanagiyaK (1992) Kinsei Kazoku ni okeru Fuyo to Kaigo - “Sendai Kogiroku” no Bunseki Kara [Provision and Care in Early Modern Families]. In: Watanabe Nobuo, Kinsei Nihon no Minshu Bunka to Seiji [Popular Culture and Politics in Early Modern Japan]. Tokyo: Kawadeshobo Shinsha, 119–140.
