In the mid-twentieth century in the Soviet Union, latent schizophrenia became an important concept and a matter of research and also of punitive psychiatry. This article investigates precursor concepts in early Russian psychiatry of the nineteenth century, and examines whether – as claimed in recent literature – Russian and Soviet research on latent schizophrenia was mainly influenced by the work of Eugen Bleuler.
BanicikovVMAmbrumovaAT (1962) Techene, formy i iskhody shizofrenii [Course, forms and outcome of schizophrenia]. In: Ministerstvo zdravookhraneniya SSSR (ed.) Shizofreniya. Voprosy, nozologii, patogeneza, kliniki i anatomii. Doklady na Vsesojuznom soveshchanii po problem shizofrenii. Moskva: Ministerstvo zdravookhraneniya SSSR.
2.
BechterewW (1914) Das Verbrechertum im Lichte der objektiven Psychologie. Wiesbaden: Bergmann.
3.
BleulerE (1920) Rykovodstvo po psikhiatrii [Textbook of Psychiatry]. Berlin: Vrach; translation of 3rd German edn, 1920.
4.
BleulerE (1949) Lehrbuch der Psychiatrie, 8th edn.Berlin, Göttingen, Heidelberg: Springer.
5.
Bol’shaya Sovietskaya Entsiklopediya (1950) [Great Soviet Encyclopaedia], Vol. 5, ed. by Gosudarstvennoe Nauchnoe Izdatel’stvo. Moskva: Polgrafkombinat imeni V.M. Molotova Glavnopoligrafizdata pri Sovete Ministrob SSSR.
6.
Bol’shaya Sovietskaya Entsiklopediya (1957) [Great Soviet Encyclopaedia], Vol. 48, ed. by Gosudarstvennoe Nauchnoe Izdatel’stvo. Moskva: Polgrafkombinat Glavnopoligrafiroma Ministerstva Kultura SSSR.
7.
CohenD (1989) Soviet Psychiatry: Politics and Mental Health in the USSR Today. London: Paladin Grafton Books.
8.
EngmannB (2018) Nervenärzte. Deutsch-russische Wissenschaftsbeziehungen im 19. Jahrhundert auf den Gebieten Neurologie, Neuropathologie und Psychiatrie. Ein biobibliographisches Verzeichnis. Aachen: Shaker.
9.
EngmannBSteinbergH (2017a) Die Dorpater Zeit von Emil Kraepelin – Hinterließ dieser Aufenthalt Spuren in der russischen und sowjetischen Psychiatrie?Fortschritte der Neurologie Psychiatrie85(11): 675–682; doi: 10.1055/s-0043-106049.
10.
EngmannBSteinbergH. (2017b) Viktor Chrisanfovič Kandinskij (1849–1889): Beiträge eines russischen Psychiaters zu den Konzepten der Pseudohalluzination und der Schizophrenien. Der Nervenarzt. 90(1): 58–61; doi:10.1007/s00115-017-0424-x.
11.
EriksonEV (1908) Nekotoryya svedeniya o zabolevaemosti psikhozami evreev i polyakov v Tsarstve Pol’skom [Some inquiries on psychic diseases of the Jews and Poles in the Kingdom of Poland]. Voenno-medicinskii zhurnal123(Noyabr): 480–491.
12.
FedernP (1947) Principles of psychotherapy in latent schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychotherapy1(2): 129–144; doi: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1947.1.2.129.
13.
ForerBR (1950) The latency of latent schizophrenia. Journal of Projective Techniques14: 297–302; doi: 10.1080/08853126.1950.10380331.
14.
GadzyatskyiFCh (1908) Dushevnyya razstroistva v svyazi s politicheskimi sobytiyami v Rossii [Mental disorders connected with political occasions in Russia]. Voenno-meditsinskii zhurnal123: 89–99.
15.
GreidenbergBS (1915) Sudebno-psikhiatricheskya ekspertiza v ugolovnom protsesse [The psychiatric-forensic expertise in the criminal trial]. Petrograd: Izdanie Yuridicheskago Knizhnago sklada „PRAVO“.
16.
KandinskiiVKh (1890) K voprosu o nevmenyaemosti [On the question of insanity]. Moskva: A. A. Lang.
17.
KorsakovSS (1893/1954) K voprosu ob „ostrykh“ formakh umopomeshatel’stva [On the question of “strong” forms of mental derangement]. In: BanshchikovVM (ed.) S. S. Korsakov: Izbrannye proizvedeniya. Moskva: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo meditsinskoi literatury, 175–189; originally published in 1893 in Meditsinskoe obozrenie3: 1–3.
18.
KorsakovSS (1913/1954) Klassifikatsiya dushevnych boleznei [Classification of psychic diseases]. In: BanshchikovVM (ed.) S. S. Korsakov: Izbrannye proizvedeniya [S. S. Korsakov: Selected works]. Moskva: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo meditsinskoi literatury, 156–174; chapter from a textbook originally published in 1913: Kurs psikhiatrii, 3rd edn. Moskva: n.p.
19.
KosorotovDP (1926) Uchebnik sudebnoj mediciny [Textbook of forensic medicine]. Moskva i Leningrad: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo.
20.
Krafft-EbingR von (1883) Lehrbuch der Psychiatrie, 2nd edn.Stuttgart: Enke.
21.
PodrabinekAP (1980) Punitive Medicine. Ann Arbor, MI: Karoma Publishers.
22.
PyatnitskiyNYu (2017) Latentnaya I prostaya formy shitsofrenii v kontseptsii E. Bleuler [Latent and simple forms of schizophrenia in the concept of E. Bleuler]. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova117(12): 57–66.
23.
RybakovFE (1905) Dushevnyya razstroistva v svyazi s tekushchimi politicheskimi sobytiyami [Mental disorders in connection with current political events]. Russkii Vrach51: 1593–1595.
24.
RybakovFE (1906a) Dushevnyya razstroistva v svyazi s tekushchimi politicheskimi sobytiyami. Russkii Vrach3: 65–67.
25.
RybakovFE (1906b) Dushevnyya razstroistva v svyazi s tekushchimi politicheskimi sobytiyami. Russkii Vrach8: 221–222.
26.
RybakovFE (1907) Dushevnyya razstroistva v svyazi s tekushchimi politicheskimi sobytiyami. Russkii Vrach20: 677–680.
27.
SerbskiiVP (1911) Kratkaya terapiya dushevnykh boleznei [A short (manual of) therapy of mental diseases]. Izdanie studencheskoj Medicinskoj Izdatel’skoj Komissii imeni PirogovaN.I. (ed.). Moskva: Author.
28.
SholomovichAS (1907) K voprozu o dushevnykh zabolevaniyakh, voznikayushchikh na pochve politicheskikh sobytii [On the question of mental diseases, which emerged on the basis of political events]. Russkii Vrach21: 715–720.
29.
SklyarNI (1906a) O vliyanii tekyshchikh politicheskikh sobytii na dushevnyya zabolevaniya [On the influence of current political events on mental diseases]. Russkii Vrach8: 222–224.
30.
SklyarNI (1906b) Eshche o vliyanii tekyshchikh politicheskikh sobytii na dushevnyya zabolevaniya [More about the influence of current political events on mental diseases]. Russkii Vrach15: 448–449.
31.
SmulevichAB (1989) Sluggish schizophrenia in the modern classification of mental illness. Schizophrenia Bulletin15(4): 533–539; doi: 10.1093/schbul/15.4.533.
32.
Sudebnaya psikhiatriya (1949) [Forensic psychiatry], ed. by Central ‘nyi nauchno-issledovatel’ skii institut sudebnoi psikhiatrii im. Prof. V.M. Serbskogo. Moskva: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo Juridicheskoi literatury.
33.
TrenckmannU (1988) Mit Leib und Seele. Ein Wegweiser durch die Konzepte der Psychiatrie. Bonn: Psychiatrie-Verlag.
34.
WolmanBB (1957) Explorations in latent schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychotherapy11(3): 560–588; doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1957.11.3.560.
35.
ZuckerL (1952) The psychology of latent schizophrenia; based on Rorschach studies. American Journal of Psychotherapy6(1): 44–62; doi: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1952.6.1.44.