The large-scale vortex structure of flow in the near wake behind an aircraft during its run on a runway is investigated numerically. The geometrical aircraft configuration was taken close to a mid-range commercial aircraft like Boeing 737-300. It included all essential elements: a body (fuselage), wings with winglets, horizontal and vertical stabilizers, engine nacelles, nacelle pylons, inboard flap track fairings, leading-edge and trailing-edge flaps, and spoilers. The position of flaps and spoilers corresponded to the takeoff and landing run conditions. Computational simulation was based on solving the Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes equations closed with the Menter Shear Stress Transport turbulence model. Patterns of streamlines, fields of the axial vorticity and the turbulent intensity, vertical and horizontal velocity profiles in the wake are compared and discussed for both run regimes. The flow model was preliminary tested for validity by comparison of the calculated velocity profiles behind a reduced-scale aircraft model with those obtained in special wind tunnel experiments.
RossowVJ. Lift-generated vortex wakes of subsonic transport aircraft. Prog Aerosp Sci1999; 35: 507–660.
2.
RobinsREDelisiDP. Potential hazard of aircraft wake vortices in ground effect with crosswind. J Aircraft1993; 30: 201–206.
3.
BobylevAVVyshinskyVVSoudakovGG, et al.Aircraft vortex wake and flight safety problems. J Aircraft1993; 47: 663–674.
4.
DevenportWJRifeMCLiapisSI, et al.The structure and development of a wing-tip vortex. J Fluid Mech1996; 312: 67–106.
5.
Brown AP. Analytical approach to wake vortex and jet wake flow interaction in cruising flight. AIAA paper 2010-519, 2010.
6.
Ginevsky AS and Zhelannikov AI. Vortex wakes of aircrafts. Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media, 2009.
7.
Lobanova MA and Tsirkunov YM. Numerical simulation of a jet-vortex wake behind a cruise aircraft. In: ECCOMAS 2012 – European Congress on computational methods in applied sciences and engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, 2012, e-Book Full Papers, pp.6909–6922.
8.
Gaifullin AM. Vortex flows. Moscow: Nauka Publ. House, 2015 (in Russian).
WidnallSE. The structure and dynamics of vortex filaments. Ann Rev Fluid Mech1975; 7: 141–165.
11.
DevenportWJVogelCMZsoldosJS. Flow structure produced by the interaction and merger of a pair of co-rotating wing-tip vortices. J Fluid Mech1999; 394: 357–377.
HarveyJKPerryFJ. Flowfield produced by trailing vortices in the vicinity of the ground. AIAA J1971; 9: 1659–1660.
14.
ZhengZCAshRL. Study of aircraft wake vortex behavior near the ground. AIAA J1996; 34: 580–589.
15.
CorjonAPoinsotT. Behavior of wake vortices near ground. AIAA J1997; 35: 849–855.
16.
SpalartPRStreletsMKTravinAK, et al.Modeling the interaction of a vortex pair with the ground. Fluid Dyn2001; 36: 899–908.
17.
StephanAHolzapfelFMisakaT. Aircraft wake-vortex decay in ground proximity – physical mechanisms and artificial enhancement. J Aircraft2013; 50: 1250–1260.
18.
StephanAHolzapfelFMisakaT. Hybrid simulation of wake-vortex evolution during landing on flat terrain and with plate line. Int J Heat Fluid Flow2014; 49: 18–27.
19.
HolzapfelFTchipevNStephanA. Wind impact on single vortices and counterrotating vortex pair in ground proximity. Flow Turbul Combast.. Epub ahead of print 13 April 2016. DOI: 10.1007/s10494-016-9729-2.
20.
HuppertzGFaresEAbstiensR, et al.Investigation of engine/wing-tip vortex interference. Aerosp Sci Technol2004; 8: 175–183.
21.
LyubimovDA. Investigation of the effect of a pylon and a wing with flaps on the flow within an exhaust jet of a double-flow turbojet engine by a simulation method for large eddies. High Temp2013; 51: 111–127.
22.
CraftTJGerasimovAVLaunderBE, et al.A computational study of the near-field generation and decay of wingtip vortices. Int J Heat Fluid Flow2006; 27: 684–695.
23.
StumpfE. Study of four-vortex wakes and layout of corresponding aircraft configurations. J Aircraft2005; 42: 722–730.
24.
Eliasson P and Peng S-H. Influence of turbulent modelling and grid resolution in computations of the DPW-4 CRM configuration. AIAA paper 2010-1416, 2010.
25.
Pfnur S. Numerical analysis of the trailin-edge vortex layer and the wake-vortex system of a generic transport-aircraft configuration. In: Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress 2016 Document ID: 420336, 2016.
26.
StumpfERudnikRRonzheimerA. Euler computation of the near-field wake vortex of an aircraft in take-off configuration. Aerosp Sci Technol2000; 4: 535–543.
27.
SpalartPR. Airplane trailing vortices. Annu Rev Fluid Mech1998; 30: 107–138.
28.
GerzTHolzapfelFDarracqD. Commercial aircraft wake vortices. Prog Aerosp Sci2002; 38: 181–208.
29.
BreitsamterC. Wake vortex characteristics of transport aircraft. Prog Aerosp Sci2011; 47: 89–134.
30.
ChernyshevSLGaifullinAMSviridenkoYN. Civil aircraft vortex wake. TsAGI's research activities. Prog Aerosp Sci2014; 71: 150–166.
31.
Aircraft wake vortex state-of-the-art & research needs. Report WakeNet3-Europe. Epub ahead of print 10 November 2015. DOI: 10.17874/BFAEB7154B0.
