The challenging problem of wing design for small business aircraft configurations is here explored using evolutionary computing. The activity focuses on the aerodynamic analysis and optimization of a laminar wing in cruise and high lift conditions. The main feature of thisstudy is the application of natural laminar flow technology which in turn implies pressure-gradient optimization. The optimization study is performed using chained computational fluid dynamics-based aerodynamic numerical methods in an evolutionary optimization framework. A major issue is the simulation of the rear-mounted engine mass flow inlet in cruise conditions, which introduces a remarkable geometry complication and computational time increase into the optimization process. The first section gives some details about the design and analysis system. The reference configuration is analysed to show the starting point of the aerodynamic design. Then, the optimization problem definition and the adopted strategy are discussed. The final section is devoted to the aerodynamic analysis of the obtained optimal configuration.
BienertP.RechenbergI.SchwefelH.-P.Messung kleiner Wandschubspannungen beiturbulenten Grenzschichten in Ablösenähe, Technical Report of the Hermann Föttinger–Institute for Fluid Dynamics Wi 8/45, Technical University of Berlin, September 1966.
2.
SchwefelH.-P.Kybernetische Evolution als Strategie der experimentellen Forschung in der Strömungstechnik. Dipl.-Ing. Thesis. Technical University of Berlin, Hermann Föttinger–Institute for Fluid Dynamics, March 1965.
3.
ViciniA.QuagliarellaD.Airfoil and wing design through hybrid optimization strategies. AIAA J., 1999, 37(5), 634–641.
EmmerichM.GiannakoglouK.NaujoksB.Single- and multiobjective evolutionary optimization assisted by Gaussian random field metamodels. IEEE Trans. Evolut. Comput., 2006, 10(4), 421–439.
6.
QuagliarellaD.IannelliP.VitaglianoP. L.ChinniciG.Aerodynamic shape design using hybrid evolutionary computation and fitness approximation. September 2004, Proceedings of the AIAA 1st Intelligent Systems Technical Conference (American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), Chicago, Illinois) AIAA Paper 2004-6514.
Guida, F. Report on wing design objectives for ac2 laminar wing. Piaggio Aero Industries s.p.a. – Napoli, Italy, Technical Report CE-PIAGGIO-T12-D1.2.2-4, November 2007.
9.
IulianoE.Salah El DinI.DonelliR.QuagliarellaD.ArnalD.Natural laminar flow design of a supersonic transport jet wing body. 5–8 January 2009, Proceedings of the 47th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting OrlandoFlorida 5–8 January 2009 (Orlando Florida) Paper No. AIAA-2009-127912-1–12-13.
10.
QuagliarellaD.D'AmbrosioD.IolloA.Airfoil design using Navier–Stokes equations and hybrid evolutionary optimization techniques. May 2002, pp. 12-1–12-13, Lecture Series 2002-08, Intelligent Systems for Aeronautics (Belgium.
11.
AmatoM.PaparoneL.CatalanoP.PuotiV.Zen flow solver — zonal Euler Navier–Stokes flow solver user guide. CIRA – Centro Italiano Ricerche Aerospaziali, Capua, Italy, Technical Report CIRA-UM-AEP-99-054, 1999.
12.
AmatoM.CatalanoP.Non linear κ-ε turbulence modeling for industrial applications. 28 August–1 September 2000, 273.1–273.9, ICAS 2000 Congress (Harrogate, UK.
13.
KaupsK.CebeciT.Compressible laminar boundary layers with suction on swept and tapered wings. J. Aircraft, 1977, 14(7), 661–667.
14.
Arnal, D. Transition prediction in transonic flow, In Proceedings of the IUTAM Symposium Transsonicum III DFVLR-AVA, 1988, pp. 253–262 (Springer–Verlag, Berlin).
15.
ArnalD.DupéC.Database method. ELFIN I European project final report, ONERA, Technical Report, 1992.
16.
CasalisG.ArnalD.Database method - development and validation of the simplified method for pure crossflow instability at low speed. ELFIN II European project, ONERA, Technical Report 145, 1996.
17.
Arnal, D. Three-dimensional boundary layers: Laminar-turbulent transition. Onera, Technical Report R741, 1986, pp. 4–33.
18.
Donelli, R. S. and Casalis, G. Database approach - stationary mode treatment. CIRA, Technical Report ALTTA-CIRA-TR-AEP-01-039, April 2001.
19.
Perraud J., Arnal D., Casalis G., Archambaud, J.-P.,and Donelli R. AIAA J., 2009, 0001-1452 47(11), 2676–2684. DOI: 102514/142990.
20.
Vitagliano P L and Quagliarella D A hybrid genetic algorithm for constrained design of wing and wing-body configurations In Proceedings of the Conference on Evolutionary methods for design optimization and control applications to industrial and societal problems Barcelona Spain CIMNE 15–17 September 2003.
21.
Deb, K. Multi-objective optimization using evolutionary algorithms, 2001 (John Wiley & sons Inc., New York, NY, USA).
22.
QuagliarellaD.ViciniA.GAs for aerodynamic shape design II: multiobjective optimization and multi-criteria design. May 2000, Lecture Series 2000-07, Genetic Algorithms for Optimisation in Aeronautics and Turbomachinery (Von Karman Institute, Belgium).
23.
CellaU.QuagliarellaD.DonelliR.Design and optimization of a transonic natural laminar flow airfoil. 19–22 September 2005, Atti dell' XVIII Congresso Nazionale (Associazione Italiana di Aeronautica e Astronautica (AIDAA), Volterra, Italy).
24.
Computer program for estimation of lift curve to maximum lift for wing-fuselage combinations with high-lift devices at low speeds, ESDU 99031, ESDU, October 1999.
25.
Quagliarella, D. Airfoil design using navier-stokes equations and an asymmetric multi-objective genetic algorithm. In Proceedings of the Conference on Evolutionary methods for design, optimization and control applications to industrial and societal problems, Barcelona, Spain, CIMNE, 15–17 September 2003.
26.
D'Ambrosio, D., Iollo, A., and Quagliarella, D. The continuous adjoint to the navier-stokes equations and its application to hybrid evolutionary airfoil design. In Proceedings of the Conference on Evolutionary methods for design, optimization and control applications to industrial and societal problems, Barcelona, Spain, CIMNE, 2003.
27.
Catalano, L. A., Dadone, A., Scardigno, D., Quagliarella, D., and Vitagliano, P. L. Multigrid-aided finite-difference evaluation of flow sensitivities. In Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference for Aero-Space Sciences, Versailles, Paris, EUCASS, 6--9 July 2009.
28.
Catalano L. A., Dadone A., and Daloisio V. S. E. Progressive optimization on unstructured grids using multigrid-aided finite-difference sensitivities. Int. J Numerical Methods in Fluids, 47(10–11), 1383–1391. ISSN: 0271-2091.
