Duplex stainless steels (DSSs) are widely used in various applications, such as pressure vessels and desalination plants under varying environmental conditions. This study explores the microstructural features and thermal characteristics of the as-built and heat-treated duplex stainless steels (ER2209 DSS) fabricated via wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) is used to examine the microstructural features, and a laser flash analyzer is utilized to determine the thermal conductivity of the as-built and heat-treated WAAM samples. As-built structures mainly have low ferrite (18.3%), and the varying heat treatment conditions (annealing at 1250 °C/1263 °C/1275 °C for 1hour and water quenching) followed in this research study significantly improved the ferrite content (51.8% to 57.2%) and grain size. Laser flash analysis results show a positive correlation between temperature and thermal properties, aligning closely with those of DSS 2205. The results indicate that above Debye temperature (within 300–400 °C), the specific heat capacity values of all samples increase minimally. Thermal conductivity increases with temperature, primarily driven by free electron movement. As-built WAAM samples, with a finer grain size, exhibit lower thermal conductivity due to phonon scattering at grain boundaries, and a high austenite phase compared to heat-treated samples. These findings emphasize the influence of phase fraction and grain size on the thermal behavior of WAAM-produced DSSs for high-temperature applications.
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