In the current investigation, thermo-mechanical analysis is carried out for Hastelloy C-276 using laser beam welded butt joints. The Gaussian heat source model is used for transient thermal analysis, and the maximum temperature at the weld area resulted in residual stresses within safe limits. To validate, the experimentation was carried out with CO2 Laser beam welding using an L4 orthogonal array. Sample 2 had the least-residual stresses in the weldment, and the mechanical and metallurgical properties studies were carried out. The residual stress distribution was measured using X-ray diffraction and was acceptable within the yield limits of the material. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and experimental residual stresses were compared; the FOS was 2.088, and the remaining samples were more than 2.0 compared to the base material tensile strength. Tensile tests confirmed that the strength of the weld zone is higher than that of the parent metals.
CieslakMJKnorovskyGAHeadleyTJ,et al.The use of new PHACOMP in understanding the solidification microstructure of nickel base alloy weld metal. Metall Trans A1986; 17: 2107–2116.
2.
ArivarasuMManikandanMVinoth JebarajA,et al.The effect of post-weld heat treatment on microstructure and tensile properties of alloy C-276 welded joints fabricated by pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding. Cienc Tecnol Mater2017; 29: 39–45.
3.
SurveABhosageSMehtaA, et al.Investigation on microstructure and mechanical properties of ATIG welded alloy C-276 with Fe2O3 flux. IOP Conf Ser: Mater Sci Eng2018; 310: 012080.
4.
GanesanMCBalasubramanianAPasupathiS, et al.Influence of over alloyed filler wire to preclude the micro segregation in weld joint of alloy C-276. J Chem Technol Metall2021; 56: 853–856.
5.
ManoharanMNatarajanAMuktinutalapatiNR. Welding metallurgy of corrosion-resistant superalloy C-276. Superalloys2015; 5: 101–110.
6.
JoseBManoharanMNatarajanA. Technology development for in-situ measurement of residual stress in arc welded joints of MDN 250 by portable Cosα X-ray diffraction method. Proc Inst Mech Eng, Part E2022; 236: 1308–1318.
7.
ManikandanMHariPRVishnuG, et al.Investigation of microstructure and mechanical properties of super alloy C-276 by continuous Nd: YAG laser welding. Procedia Mater Sci2014; 5: 2233–2241.
8.
SubramaniPShettySAnirudhapanditR, et al.Investigations on the microstructure, microsegregation and hardness properties of bead on plasma arc welded C-276 alloy. Mater Today Proc2018; 5: 13628–13636.
9.
ManikandanMArivazhaganNNageswara RaoM,et al.Microstructure and mechanical properties of alloy C-276 weldments fabricated by continuous and pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding techniques. J Manuf Process2014; 16: 563–572.
10.
PanditSJoshiVAgrawalM, et al.Investigations on mechanical and metallurgical properties of dissimilar continuous GTA welds of Monel 400 and C-276. Procedia Eng2014; 75: 61–65.
11.
ArulmuruganBSathishkumarMBalajiD, et al.Development of arc welding technique to preclude microsegregation in the dissimilar joint of alloy C-2000 and C-276. Proc Inst Mech Eng, Part E2021; 235: 1408–1419.
12.
MaGWuDNiuF,et al.Microstructure evolution and mechanical property of pulsed laser welded Ni-based superalloy. Opt Lasers Eng2015; 72: 39–46.
13.
YuquanGDongjiangWGuangyiM,et al.Numerical simulation and experimental investigation of residual stresses and distortions in pulsed laser welding of Hastelloy C-276 thin sheets. Rare Met Mater Eng2014; 43: 2663–2668.
14.
BalKSDutta MajumdarJRoy ChoudhuryA. Study on uni-axial tensile strength properties of ytterbium fiber laser welded Hastelloy C-276 sheet. Opt Laser Technol2018; 108: 392–403.
15.
SubramanianRNatarajanBKaliyaperumalB,et al.Effect of MIG welding process parameters on microstructure and tensile behavior of hastelloy C276 using response surface methodology. Mater Res Express2019; 6: 066540.
16.
WangJXuDWangY. Microstructure and properties of nickel-based superalloy C-276 pulse laser weld joints based on 0.381mm thickness. IOP Conf Ser: Mater Sci Eng2018; 439: 022020.
17.
VenkatkumarDRavindranD. 3D Finite element simulation of temperature distribution, residual stress and distortion on 304 stainless steel plates using GTA welding. J Mech Sci Technol2016; 30: 67–76.
18.
ArrojuPPanchagnulaKKSarithaP, et al.Analysis of residual stress in SS321 laser butt-welded plates using finite element analysis. Int J Interact Des Manuf2023: 1–6.
19.
GoldakJChakravartiABibbyM. A new finite element model for welding heat sources. Metall Trans B1984; 15: 299–305.
20.
KumarBRChauhanNRaolePM. Mechanical and microstructural characterization of 8 mm thick samples of SS 316L by CO<sub>2</sub> laser welding. Adv Mat Res2012; 585: 430–434.
21.
ArulmuruganBManikandanM. Development of welding technology for improving the metallurgical and mechanical properties of 21st century nickel based superalloy 686. Mater Sci Eng A2017; 691: 126–140.
22.
VemanaboinaHGundabattiniEAkellaS, et al.Mechanical and metallurgical properties of CO2 laser beam INCONEL 625 welded joints. Appl Sci2021; 11: 7002.
23.
TaraphdarPKKumarRPandeyC,et al.Significance of finite element models and solid-state phase transformation on the evaluation of weld induced residual stresses. Met Mater Int2021; 27: 3478–3492.
24.
TaraphdarPKThakareJGPandeyC,et al.Novel residual stress measurement technique to evaluate through thickness residual stress fields. Mater Lett2020; 277: 128347.
25.
VemanaboinaHAkellaSBudduRK, et al.Prediction of thermal and residual stress distributions in SS304 materials for nuclear application using finite element analysis. Int J Interact Des Manuf2023; 1–8.
26.
KumarPSinhaAN. Studies of temperature distribution for laser welding of dissimilar thin sheets through finite element method. J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng2018; 455: 1–13.
27.
CapriccioliAFrosiP. Multipurpose ANSYS FE procedure for welding processes simulation. Fusion Eng Des2009; 84: 546–553.
28.
VemanaboinaHAkellaSBudduRK,et al.Distortion validation of laser beam welded SS316LN steel plates. In: 2019 8th International Conference on Modeling Simulation and Applied Optimization (ICMSAO). 2019 Apr; DOI: 10.1109/icmsao.2019.8880444.
29.
VemanaboinaHAkellaSUma Maheshwer RaoA, et al.Analysis of thermal stresses and its effect in the multipass welding process of SS316L. Proc Inst Mech Eng, Part E2021; 235: 384–391.
CampagnoloAFerroPRomaninL,et al.Residual notch stress intensity factors in welded joints evaluated by 3D numerical simulations of arc welding processes. Materials (Basel)2021; 14: 12.
32.
VemanaboinaHBabuMMPreranaIC, et al.Evaluation of residual stresses in CO2 laser beam welding of SS316L weldments using FEA. Mater Res Express2023; 10: 016509.
33.
FerroPBertoFMeneghettiG. Calculation of 3D residual notch stress intensity factors by means of the peak stress method. Theor Appl Fract Mech2019; 100: 377–382.
34.
OyyaraveluRKuppanPArivazhaganN. Metallurgical and mechanical properties of laser welded high strength low alloy steel. J Adv Res2016; 7: 463–472.
FerroPPetroneN. Asymptotic thermal and residual stress distributions due to transient thermal loads. Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struct2009; 32: 936–948.
37.
FerroPBonolloFTizianiA. Laser welding of copper–nickel alloys: a numerical and experimental analysis. Sci Technol Weld Joining2005; 10: 299–310.
38.
FerroPBonolloFTizianiA. Methodologies and experimental validations of welding process numerical simulation. Int J Comput Mater Sci Surf Eng2010; 3: 14.
39.
Venkata RamanaPMadhusudhan ReddyGMohandasT,et al.Microstructure and residual stress distribution of similar and dissimilar electron beam welds – maraging steel to medium alloy medium carbon steel. Mater Des2010; 31: 749–760.
40.
XiaoXLuCFuY, et al.Progress on experimental study of melt pool flow dynamics in laser material processing. Liq Met2021; 3: 1–16.
41.
SridharRRamkumarKDArivazhaganN. Characterization of microstructure, strength, and toughness of dissimilar weldments of Inconel 625 and duplex stainless steel SAF 2205. Acta Metall SINica2014; 27: 1018–1030.
42.
Janaki RamGDVenugopal ReddyAPrasad RaoK, et al.Microstructure and tensile properties of Inconel 718 pulsed Nd-YAG laser welds. J Mater Process Technol2005; 167: 73–82.
43.
BalKSDutta MajumdarJRoy ChoudhuryA. Effect of post-weld heat treatment on the tensile strength of laser beam welded Hastelloy C-276 sheets at different heat inputs. J Manuf Process2019; 37: 578–594.
Supplementary Material
Please find the following supplemental material available below.
For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.
For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.
