Research on wear resistance of conical pick based on bionic dimple structure

Abstract

Heavy equipment such as continuous mining machine and shearer are widely used in coal mining projects, and conical picks are essential cutting tools. The wear resistance of the conical picks directly affects the efficiency and reliability of the equipment. Additionally, when the conical pick cannot rotate properly, severe one-sided wear occurs and accelerates the failure of the conical pick. In this paper, a bionic dimple-structured conical pick is designed, and a mathematical model of the dimple structure is established. The self-rotation and wear resistance characteristics of the Dimple Type Pick (DTP) and the Ordinary Type Pick (OTP) are studied using the discrete element software EDEM and the dynamic analysis software ADAMS. The orthogonal experimental method is used to analyze the friction performance and mechanism of the conical pick surface from aspects such as dimple depth, number, and radius. The results show that the rotational torque of the two types of conical picks increases first and then decreases during the cutting process. The maximum torque of the DTP is 42.67% higher than that of the OTP, which indicates that DTP has better self-rotation performance than OTP. Dimple depth is the main factor affecting DTP wear, followed by the number of dimples, while the impact of dimple radius is minimal. According to the analysis on the response surface, the optimal design parameters of the dimple structure are as follows: the dimple depth is 0.3 mm, the number of dimples is 4, and the radius is 1.5 mm. The wear resistance of the optimized dimple-structured conical pick showed an improvement of 89.82% and 79.04%, compared to the OTP and the DTP. This research provides theoretical and experimental support for the development of wear-resistant and long-life conical picks.