We investigate computationally the transport characteristics for flow of MWCNT-Fe3O4/H2O hybrid nanofluid through a wavy channel under the influence of an externally applied magnetic field. The flow and temperature fields are analyzed in terms of streamlines, isotherms, average Nusselt number (), magnetic enhancement ratio (ERm), and magnetic performance factor (PFm) for the following range of parameters: 100Re500, 0Ha10, and 0% 0.3%. The strength of the reverse flow in the recirculatory zones decreases with Ha, and beyond a critical Ha, the flow becomes attached even in the diverging part of the channel. The hot spot intensity near the walls decreases and hence, the value of increases with the increase in volume fraction of nano-particles and Ha. The rate of increment of is steeper at lower values of Ha. It further reveals that PFm monotonically decreases with Ha for lower Re ( = 100). For higher values of Re, PFm decreases with Ha for its lower and higher values, while for the intermediate range of Ha, PFm increases with Ha.
TongYBoldooTHamJ, et al.Improvement of photo-thermal energy conversion performance of MWCNT/Fe3O4 hybrid nanofluid compared to Fe3O4 nanofluid. Energy2020; 196: 117086.
2.
WenZXLvYGLiQ, et al.Numerical study on heat transfer behavior of wavy channel supercritical CO2 printed circuit heat exchangers with different amplitude and wavelength parameters. Int J Heat Mass Transf2020; 147: 118922.
3.
MehtaSKPatiS. Thermo-hydraulic performance for an electronic cooling system using porous material, Techno-Societal 2020. In: Pawar PM, Balasubramaniam R, Ronge BP, et al. (eds). Springer International Publishing, 2021:197–204. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69925-3_20.
4.
RushTANewellTAJacobiAM. An experimental study of flow and heat transfer in sinusoidal wavy passages. Int J Heat Mass Transf1999; 42: 1541–1553.
5.
WangCCChenCK. Forced convection in a wavy-wall channel. Int J Heat Mass Transf2002; 45: 2587–2595.
6.
MehtaSKPatiS. Effect of non-uniform heating on forced convective flow through asymmetric wavy channel, Recent Advances in Mechanical Engineering. In: Pandey KM, Misra RD, Patowari PK, et al. (eds). Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021:333–341. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7711-6_34.
7.
MehtaSKPatiS. Analysis of heat transfer and pressure drop for pressure driven flow of non-newtonian fluids through a serpentine channel: Influence of Prandtl Number, Techno-Societal 2020. In: Pawar PM, Balasubramaniam R, Ronge BP, et al. (eds). Springer International Publishing, 2021: 965–974. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69925-3_92.
8.
AkbarzadehMRashidiSKarimiN, et al.First and second laws of thermodynamics analysis of nanofluid flow inside a heat exchanger duct with wavy walls and a porous insert. J Therm Anal Calorim2019; 135: 177–194.
9.
AkbarzadehMRashidiSEsfahaniJA. Influences of corrugation profiles on entropy generation, heat transfer, pressure drop, and performance in a wavy channel. Appl Therm Eng2017; 116: 278–291.
10.
BhowmickDRandivePRPatiS. Implication of corrugation profile on thermo-hydraulic characteristics of Cu-water nanofluid flow through partially filled porous channel. Int Commun Heat Mass Transf2021; 125: 105329.
11.
MehtaSKPatiS. Thermo-hydraulic and entropy generation analysis for magnetohydrodynamic pressure driven flow of nanofluid through an asymmetric wavy channel. Int J Numer Methods Heat Fluid Flow2021; 31: 1190–1213.
12.
TiwariNMoharanaMK. Conjugate effect on flow boiling instability in wavy microchannel. Int J Heat Mass Transf2021; 166: 120791.
13.
MehtaSKPatiS. Numerical study of thermo-hydraulic characteristics for forced convective flow through wavy channel at different Prandtl numbers. J Therm Anal Calorim2020; 141: 2429–2451.
14.
NandiTKChattopadhyayH. Numerical investigations of developing flow and heat transfer in raccoon type microchannels under inlet pulsation. Int Commun Heat Mass Transf2014; 56: 37–41.
15.
KumarVRBalasubramanianKKumarKK, et al.Numerical investigation of heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics in circular wavy microchannel with tangentially branched secondary channels. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part E J Process Mech Eng2019; 233: 1304–1316.
16.
KumarVRBalasubramanianKKiran KumarK, et al.Numerical investigation of fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics in novel circular wavy microchannel. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part E J Process Mech Eng2019; 233: 954–966.
17.
ShubhamSADalalA, et al.Thermo-hydraulic transport characteristics of non-Newtonian fluid flows through corrugated channels. Int J Therm Sci2018; 129: 201–208.
18.
PatiSMehtaSKBorahA. Numerical investigation of thermo-hydraulic transport characteristics in wavy channels: comparison between raccoon and serpentine channels. Int Commun Heat Mass Transf2017; 88: 171–176.
19.
MehtaSKPatiS. Analysis of thermo-hydraulic performance and entropy generation characteristics for laminar flow through triangular corrugated channel. J Therm Anal Calorim2019; 136: 49–62.
20.
TiwariNMoharanaMK. Comparative study of conjugate heat transfer in a single-phase flow in wavy and raccoon microchannels. Int J Numer Methods Heat Fluid Flow2020; 30: 3791–3825.
21.
NandiTKChattopadhyayH. Numerical investigations of simultaneously developing flow in wavy microchannels under pulsating inlet flow condition. Int Commun Heat Mass Transf2013; 47: 27–31.
22.
MehtaSKPatiSAhmedS, et al.Analysis of thermo-hydraulic and entropy generation characteristics for flow through ribbed-wavy channel. Int J Numer Methods Heat Fluid Flow2021. https://doi.org/10.1108/HFF-01-2021-0056
23.
EsfahaniJAAkbarzadehMRashidiS, et al.Influences of wavy wall and nanoparticles on entropy generation over heat exchanger plat. Int J Heat Mass Transf2017; 109: 1162–1171.
24.
JabbaripourBNademi RostamiMDinarvandS, et al.Aqueous aluminium–copper hybrid nanofluid flow past a sinusoidal cylinder considering three-dimensional magnetic field and slip boundary condition. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part E J Process Mech Eng2021. https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089211046434
25.
SajjadiHAmiri DeloueiAIzadiM, et al.Investigation of MHD natural convection in a porous media by double MRT lattice Boltzmann method utilizing MWCNT–Fe3O4/water hybrid nanofluid. Int J Heat Mass Transf2019; 132: 1087–1104.
26.
Brusly SolomonAvan RooyenJRenckenM, et al.Experimental study on the influence of the aspect ratio of square cavity on natural convection heat transfer with Al2O3/Water nanofluids. Int Commun Heat Mass Transf2017; 88: 254–261.
27.
Brusly SolomonASharifpurMOttermannT, et al.Natural convection enhancement in a porous cavity with Al2O3-Ethylene glycol/water nanofluids. Int J Heat Mass Transf2017; 108: 1324–1334.
28.
AnandRSJawaharCPBrusly SolomonA, et al.Experimental studies on thermosyphon using low global warming potential refrigerant HFE7000 and nanorefrigerant HFE7000/Al2O3. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part E J Process Mech Eng2021; 235: 707–717.
29.
KhentoutAKezzarMSariMR, et al.The electrical magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and shape factor impacts in a mixture fluid suspended by hybrid nanoparticles between non-parallel plates. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part E J Process Mech Eng2021. https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089211057971
30.
HassanMFaisalAAliI, et al.Effects of Cu–Ag hybrid nanoparticles on the momentum and thermal boundary layer flow over the wedge. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part E J Process Mech Eng2019; 233: 1128–1136.
31.
Md BasirMFMackolilJMahantheshB, et al.Stability and statistical analysis on melting heat transfer in a hybrid nanofluid with thermal radiation effect. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part E J Process Mech Eng2021; 235: 2129–2140.
32.
DinarvandSRostamiMN. Three-dimensional squeezed flow of aqueous magnetite–graphene oxide hybrid nanofluid: a novel hybridity model with analysis of shape factor effects. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part E J Process Mech Eng2020; 234: 193–205.
33.
SundarLSSinghMKSousaACM. Enhanced heat transfer and friction factor of MWCNT-Fe3O4/water hybrid nanofluids. Int Commun Heat Mass Transf2014; 52: 73–83.
34.
FaizanMPatiSRandivePR. Implication of geometrical configuration on heat transfer enhancement in converging minichannel using nanofluid by two phase mixture model: a numerical analysis. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part E J Process Mech Eng2021; 235: 416–427.
35.
FaizanMPatiSRandivePR. Effect of non-uniform heating on conjugate heat transfer performance for nanofluid flow in a converging duct by a two-phase Eulerian–Lagrangian method. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part E J Process Mech Eng2021. https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089211042951
36.
IzadiMMohebbiRKarimiD, et al.Numerical simulation of natural convection heat transfer inside a ┴ shaped cavity filled by a MWCNT-Fe3O4/water hybrid nanofluids using LBM. Chem Eng Process - Process Intensif2018; 125: 56–66.
37.
SheikholeslamiMMehryanSAMShafeeA, et al.Variable magnetic forces impact on magnetizable hybrid nanofluid heat transfer through a circular cavity. J Mol Liq2019; 277: 388–396.
38.
SwainKMebarek-OudinaFAbo-DahabSM. Influence of MWCNT/Fe3O4 hybrid nanoparticles on an exponentially porous shrinking sheet with chemical reaction and slip boundary conditions. J Therm Anal Calorim2022; 147: 1561–1570.
39.
AlklaibiAMSundarLSChandra MouliKVV. Experimental investigation on the performance of hybrid Fe3O4 coated MWCNT/Water nanofluidas a coolant of a Plate heat exchanger. Int J Therm Sci2022; 171: 107249.
40.
MosayebidorchehSHatamiM. Analytical investigation of peristaltic nanofluid flow and heat transfer in an asymmetric wavy wall channel (Part II: Divergent channel). Int J Heat Mass Transf2018; 126: 800–808.
41.
MaYMohebbiRRashidiMM, et al.MHD Convective heat transfer of Ag-MgO/water hybrid nanofluid in a channel with active heaters and coolers. Int J Heat Mass Transf2019; 137: 714–726.
42.
AshorynejadHRZarghamiA. Magnetohydrodynamics flow and heat transfer of Cu-water nanofluid through a partially porous wavy channel. Int J Heat Mass Transf2018; 119: 247–258.
43.
NazeerMHussainFIftikharS, et al.Mathematical modeling of bio-magnetic fluid bounded within ciliated walls of wavy channel. Numer Methods Partial Differ Equ2021. https://doi.org/10.1002/num.22763
44.
QasimMUsman AshrafMLuD, et al.Influence of differently shaped copper nanoparticles in mixed convection flow through a curved wavy channel. Alexandria Eng J2021; 60: 3305–3314.
45.
HussainSJamalMMaatkiC, et al.MHD Mixed convection of Al2O3–cu–water hybrid nanofluid in a wavy channel with incorporated fixed cylinder. J Therm Anal Calorim2021; 144: 2219–2233.
46.
MayeliPHesamiHMoghaddamMHDF. Numerical investigation of the MHD forced convection and entropy generation in a straight duct with sinusoidal walls containing water–Al2O3 nanofluid. Numer Heat Transf Part A Appl2017; 71: 1235–1250.
47.
MayeliPHesamiHBesharati-FoumaniH, et al.Al2O3–Water nanofluid heat transfer and entropy generation in a ribbed channel with wavy wall in the presence of magnetic field. Numer Heat Transf Part A Appl2018; 73: 604–623.
48.
MousaviSMBiglarianMDarziAAR, et al.Heat transfer enhancement of ferrofluid flow within a wavy channel by applying a non-uniform magnetic field. J Therm Anal Calorim2020; 139: 3331–3343.
49.
MehtaSKPatiS. Thermo-hydraulic characteristics for MHD forced convective flow through raccoon channel, International Conference on Energy and Sustainable Development, ISBN 978–93-83660-56-8, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 2020: 501–504.
50.
MehtaSKPatiS. Effect on non-uniform heating on heat transfer characteristics in the wavy channel, Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Computational Methods for Thermal Problems (THERMACOMP 2018), ISSN: 2305–6924, IISc Bangalore, India, 2018: 498–501.
51.
PatiS. A textbook on fluid mechanics and hydraulic machines. New Delhi: McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt. Ltd, 2012.
52.
COMSOL Multiphysics® v. 5.2. www.comsol.com. COMSOL AB, Stockholm, Sweden.
53.
BackLH. Laminar heat transfer in electrically conducting fluids flowing in parallel plate channels. Int J Heat Mass Transf1968; 11: 1621–1636.
54.
HeyhatMMKowsaryFRashidiAM, et al.Experimental investigation of laminar convective heat transfer and pressure drop of water-based Al2O3 nanofluids in fully developed flow regime. Exp Therm Fluid Sci2013; 44: 483–489.
55.
MehtaSKPatiSBaranyiL. Effect of amplitude of walls on thermal and hydrodynamic characteristics of laminar flow through an asymmetric wavy channel. Case Stud. Therm. Eng2022; 31: 101796.
56.
MehtaSKPatiSMondalPK. Numerical study of the vortex-induced electroosmotic mixing of non-Newtonian biofluids in a nonuniformly charged wavy microchannel: effect of finite ion size. Electrophoresis2021; 42: 2498–2510.
