Based on the surface interface model of the superhydrophobic cantilever dragonfly wing surface (SCDWS), the process of multi-droplet impact on the lightweight surface and the motion of adjacent droplets are observed. The influence of the dimensionless horizontal and vertical spacing of adjacent droplets as well as the impact velocity on the droplet interactions is analyzed. And the unidirectional migratory motion of the droplets, interactions among multiple droplets and the self-propelled effect are explored. The results show that liquid-bridge connection and droplet fusion phenomena occur in adjacent droplets during multi-droplet impact, and the coalescence of adjacent droplets generates sub-droplets. The droplet spreading coefficient decreases and then increases at different horizontal spacings, and eventually remains near a constant value. As the horizontal spacing between neighboring droplets decreases, the droplet spreading coefficient increases. Under the oscillation effect on the cantilever surface, the droplet undergoes self-driven rebounding and jumping, facilitating its directional transport.
MoreiraALNMoitaASPanãoMR.Advances and challenges in explaining fuel spray impingement: how much of single droplet impact research is useful?Prog Energy Combust Sci2010; 36(5): 554–580.
2.
RukosuyevMVBarannykOOshkaiP, et al. Design and application of nanoparticle coating system with decoupled spray generation and deposition control. J Coat Technol Res2016; 13(5): 769–779.
3.
DerbyB.Inkjet printing of functional and structural materials: fluid property requirements, feature stability, and resolution. Annu Rev Mater Res2010; 40: 395–414.
4.
ZhouZFChenBWangR, et al. Comparative investigation on the spray characteristics and heat transfer dynamics of pulsed spray cooling with volatile cryogens. Exp Therm Fluid Sci2017; 82: 189–197.
5.
YunXXiongZHeY, et al. Superhydrophobic lotus-leaf-like surface made from reduced graphene oxide through soft-lithographic duplication. RSC Adv2020; 10: 5478–5486.
6.
WoodMJBrockGKietzigA-M.The penguin feather as inspiration for anti-icing surfaces. Cold Reg Sci Technol2023; 213: 103903.
7.
WangXSongWLiZ, et al. Fabrication of superhydrophobic AAO-Ag multilayer mimicking dragonfly wings. Chin Sci Bull2012; 57(35): 4635–4040.
8.
QuJHePSunR, et al. A laser-induced superhydrophobic surface with multiple microstructures for stable drag reduction. Surf Coat Technol2024; 490: 131181.
9.
WangQXuSXingX, et al. Progress in fabrication and applications of micro/nanostructured superhydrophobic surfaces. Surf Innov2022; 10(2): 89–110.
10.
GaoCMengGLiX, et al. Wettability of dragonfly wings: the structure detection and theoretical modeling. Surf Interface Anal2013; 45(2): 650–655.
11.
MerlenABrunetP.Impact of drops on non-wetting biomimetic surfaces. J Bionic Eng2009; 6(4): 330–334.
12.
ZhengLCaoCCaoL, et al. Bounce behavior and regulation of pesticide solution droplets on rice leaf surfaces. J Agric Food Chem2018; 66(44): 11560–11568.
13.
Riaz SiddiquiFTsoCYQiuH, et al. Hybrid nanofluid spray cooling performance and its residue surface effects: toward thermal management of high heat flux devices. Appl Therm Eng2022; 211: 118454.
14.
Ge-ZhangSCaiTYangH, et al. Biology and nature: bionic superhydrophobic surface and principle. Front Bioeng Biotechnol2022; 10: 1033514–1033519.
15.
AbubakarAAYilbasBSHussain A-QahtaniM, et al. Experimental and model studies of various size water droplet impacting on a hydrophobic surface. J Fluid Eng2021; 143(6): 061402.
16.
AntoniniCVillaFMarengoM.Oblique impacts of water drops onto hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces: outcomes, timing, and rebound maps. Exp Fluids2014; 55: 1713.
17.
WeisenseePBMaJShinYH, et al. Droplet impact on vibrating superhydrophobic surfaces. Phys Rev Fluids2017; 2(10): 103601.
18.
KimJHRothsteinJPShangJK.Dynamics of a flexible superhydrophobic surface during a drop impact. Phys Fluids2018; 30: 072102.
19.
DingBWangHZhuX, et al. Water droplet impact on superhydrophobic surfaces with various inclinations and supercooling degrees. Int J Heat Mass Transf2019; 138: 844–851.
20.
ZhangRHaoPZhangX, et al. Supercooled water droplet impact on superhydrophobic surfaces with various roughness and temperature. Int J Heat Mass Transf2018; 122: 395–402.
21.
XuJLiuWShangW, et al. Drop impact dynamic and directional transport on dragonfly wing surface. Friction2023; 11(5): 737–747.
22.
XiaLYangZChenF, et al. Droplet impacting on pillared hydrophobic surfaces with different solid fractions. J Colloid Interface Sci2024; 658: 61–73.
23.
LiDShangYWangX, et al. Dynamic behavior of droplet impacting on a moving surface. Exp Therm Fluid Sci2024; 153: 111126.
24.
LiangGYuHChenL, et al. Interfacial phenomena in impact of droplet array on solid wall. Acta Mech2020; 231: 305–319.
25.
ZhouXWangHWuJ, et al. Bounce behaviors of double droplets simultaneously impact cold superhydrophobic surface. Int J Heat Mass Transf2023; 208: 124075.
26.
BentherJDPelaez RestrepoJDStanleyC, et al. Successive droplet impingement onto heated surfaces of different wettabilities. Int J Heat Mass Transf2022; 185: 122169.
27.
BentherJDPelaez-RestrepoJDStanleyC, et al. Heat transfer during multiple droplet impingement and spray cooling: review and prospects for enhanced surfaces. Int J Heat Mass Transf2021; 178: 121587.
28.
WoottonR.Functional morphology of insect wings. Annu Rev Entomol1992; 37: 113–140.
29.
UpadhyayGKumarVBhardwajR.Bouncing droplets on an elastic, superhydrophobic cantilever beam. Phys Fluids2021; 33: 042104.
30.
SotoDDe LarivièreABBoutillonX, et al. The force of impacting rain. Soft Matter2014; 10(27): 4929–4934.
31.
WeisenseePBTianJMiljkovicN, et al. Water droplet impact on elastic superhydrophobic surfaces. Sci Rep2016; 6(1): 30328–30329.
32.
RayleighL.On the stability, or instability, of certain fluid motions. Proc Lond Math Soc1879; s1-11(1): 57–72.
