The YRT bearing, as a key component of double rotary tables, is essential to maintaining the precision and stability of the equipment, with its fatigue life and reliability serving as critical determinants of overall performance. In this study, a five-degree-of-freedom (5-DOF) model for YRT bearings is established. Sparrow search algorithm (SSA) is employed to obtain the global optimum of the nonlinear equation system. The Newton-Raphson method is subsequently applied for local refinement, effectively reducing sensitivity to the choice of initial values. The effectiveness of the proposed model is demonstrated through a comparison of its load distribution results with simulation outcomes from the Romax and Harris models. To further analyze the fatigue life of the bearings, an adaptive Kriging method combined with Monte Carlo simulation is employed. Based on the Lundberg–Palmgren (L–P) fatigue life theory, a reliability model for the fatigue life of YRT bearings is established. Finally, the effects of bearing clearance on contact characteristics and fatigue life are examined, along with a corresponding reliability analysis. The proposed analytical model provides theoretical guidance for the optimal design of YRT bearings and helps improve their fatigue life and overall reliability.
CuiRMaMLiuH, et al. Tolerance analysis of cradle-type double rotary table using the local parallel dimension chain method. Int J Adv Manuf Technol2024; 134: 5679–5696.
2.
JiangZHuangXZhuH, et al. A new method for contact characteristic analysis of the tapered roller bearing in wind turbine main shaft. Eng Fail Anal2022; 141: 106729.
3.
HePWangYWangH.An analysis method of carrying capacity accuracy of three-row roller slewing bearing. Mechanika2021; 27: 360–367.
4.
SharmaASadeghiF.Effects of fretting wear on rolling contact fatigue. Tribol Int2024; 192: 109204.
5.
WangHLvHLuoZ.Analysis of mechanical properties and fatigue life of microturbine angular contact ball bearings under eccentric load conditions. Sensors2023; 23: 4503.
6.
HePLiuRHongR, et al. Hardened raceway calculation analysis of a three-row roller slewing bearing. Int J Mech Sci2018; 137: 133–144.
7.
LiYJiangD.Strength check of a three-row roller slewing bearing based on a mixed finite element model. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part C2016; 231(18): 3393–3400.
8.
HarrisTA.An analytical method to predict skidding in thrust-loaded, angular-contact ball bearings. J Lubr Technol1971; 93(1): 17–23.
9.
HarrisTA.The effect of misalignment on the fatigue life of cylindrical roller bearings having crowned rolling members. J Lubr Technol1969; 91(2): 294–300.
10.
HanQChuF.Nonlinear dynamic model for skidding behavior of angular contact ball bearings. J Sound Vib2015; 354: 219–235.
11.
ZhaoYChenGZhangW, et al. Research on non-circular raceway of single-row four-point contact ball bearing based on life optimization. Appl Sci2022; 12: 13027.
12.
LuoYGeKHuangY, et al. Dynamic load distribution of a radially loaded rolling bearing. Shock Vib. Epub ahead of print 3 January 2025. DOI: 10.1155/vib/9098049.
13.
HeHChenYJinX, et al. Study on predicting rolling contact fatigue of pitch bearing raceway in offshore wind turbine. Int J Fatigue2024; 184: 108284.
14.
LiYWangRMaoF.Calculation method for the static carrying curve of double-row different-diameter ball slewing bearings. Sci Prog2023; 106(2): 368504231180026.
15.
TongVCKwonSWHongSW.Fatigue life of cylindrical roller bearings. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part J2016; 231(5): 623–636.
TongVCHongSW.Stiffness characteristics of crossed roller bearings with roller roundness deformation. J Tribol2022; 144(2): 021201.
18.
JiangYZhuTDengS.Combined analysis of stiffness and fatigue life of deep groove ball bearings under interference fits, preloads and tilting moments. J Mech Sci Technol2023; 37(2): 539–553.
TongVCHongSW.The effect of angular misalignment on the running torques of tapered roller bearings. Tribol Int2016; 95: 76–85.
21.
XuHWangPMaH, et al. Dynamic behaviors and contact characteristics of ball bearings in a multi-supported rotor system under the effects of 3D clearance fit. Mech Syst Signal Process2023; 196: 110334.
22.
YuAHuangHZLiH, et al. Reliability analysis of rolling bearings considering internal clearance. J Mech Sci Technol2020; 34(10): 3963–3971.
23.
SalunkheVGDesavaleRGKhotSM, et al. Identification of bearing clearance in sugar centrifuge using dimension theory and support vector machine on vibration measurement. J Nondestruct Eval Diagn Progn Eng Syst2024; 7(2): 021003.
24.
WangKYangHWuH, et al. Theoretical model and experimental study of the influence of bearing inner clearance on bearing vibration. Eng Fail Anal2022; 137: 106247.
25.
XuFDingNLiN, et al. A review of bearing failure modes, mechanisms and causes. Eng Fail Anal2023; 152: 107518.
26.
de MulJMVreeJMMaasDA.Equilibrium and associated load distribution in ball and roller bearings loaded in five degrees of freedom while neglecting friction—part II: application to roller bearings and experimental verification. J Tribol1989; 111(1): 149–155.
27.
ISO/TS 16281:2008. Rolling bearings-methods for calculating the modified reference rating life for universally loaded bearings.
28.
WangZPeiYLiJ.A survey on search strategy of evolutionary multi-objective optimization algorithms. Appl Sci2023; 13(7): 4643.
29.
WeiYZengXFangH, et al. A proximal algorithm for distributed optimization with nonsmooth inequality constraints. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Express Briefs2024; 71(4): 2204–2208.
30.
ClarkeF.Lyapunov functions and discontinuous stabilizing feedback. Annu Rev Control2011; 35(1): 13–33.
31.
JiangZHuangXLiuH, et al. Dynamic reliability analysis of main shaft bearings in wind turbines. Int J Mech Sci2022; 235: 107721.
32.
ISO 76: 2006. Rolling bearings—static load ratings.
33.
YueYCaoLLuD, et al. Review and empirical analysis of sparrow search algorithm. Artif Intell Rev2023; 56: 10867–10919.
34.
XueJShenB.A survey on sparrow search algorithms and their applications. Int J Syst Sci2024; 55(4): 814–832.
35.
LazovićTMarinkovićAAtanasovskaI, et al. From innovation to standardization—a century of rolling bearing life formula. Machines2024; 12(7): 444.
36.
ISO 281. 2007. Rolling bearings-dynamic load ratings and rating life.
37.
ZhaoZLuZHZhaoYG.P-AK-MCS: parallel AK-MCS method for structural reliability analysis. Probab Eng Mech2024; 75: 103573.
38.
PeijuanZMingWCZhouhongZ, et al. A new active learning method based on the learning function U of the AK-MCS reliability analysis method. Eng Struct2017; 148: 185–194.
39.
MelchersREAhammedM.A fast approximate method for parameter sensitivity estimation in Monte Carlo structural reliability. Comput Struct2004; 82(1): 55–61.
WuYTMohantyS.Variable screening and ranking using sampling-based sensitivity measures. Reliab Eng Syst Saf2006; 91(6): 634–647.
42.
EchardBGaytonNLemaireM.AK-MCS: an active learning reliability method combining Kriging and Monte Carlo simulation. Struct Saf2011; 33(2): 145–154.
43.
ZhengMQianHLinS, et al. Research on expert knowledge base of intelligent diagnosis based on tubing leakage of high-pressure heater in nuclear power plant. In: LSMS/ICSEE, 2017. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6364-0_19.
44.
WangZWangP.A maximum confidence enhancement based sequential sampling scheme for simulation-based design. J Mech Des2014; 136(2): 021006.
