Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online 2025-11
Numerical investigation of a bio-convective couple stress CNTs/human blood hybrid nanofluid flow through a squeezing channel with chemical reaction: A comparative study
This study investigates the heat and mass transport characteristics of a bioconvective couple-stress non-Newtonian magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) hybrid nanofluids flow containing motile microorganisms through a squeezing and separating channel under a chemical reaction. The hybrid nanofluids of gold–single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)/human blood and gold–multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/human blood are analyzed. With the help of pertinent transformations, the governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs and are solved numerically via the shooting method combined with a fourth-order Runge–Kutta technique A detailed parametric analysis graphically explores the effects of key physical parameters, such as the couple-stress parameter, Hartmann number, Prandtl number, chemical reaction, etc., on the axial and radial velocities, temperature, concentration, and microorganism density profiles. The results reveal that the temperature of both hybrid nanofluids increases in both squeezing and separating channels with increasing Hartmann number, Prandtl number, and couple-stress parameter. In squeezing flow, concentration and microorganism density rise with a higher chemical reaction, while the opposite trend is observed in separating flow. The findings highlight the potential of these hybrid nanofluids to significantly enhance heat and mass transfer, thereby playing a vital role in improving the efficiency of biomedical treatments and enabling precise monitoring and control of physiological function. Numerical results for skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are also presented and show good agreement with existing literature.
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