The flexural behavior of iron-based composite castings has been analyzed under three-point loading conditions. The metal matrix composite casting of five varying compositions of powders by weight, that is, SS316, SS316+15EWAC, SS316+15EWAC+5WC−12Co, SS316+15EWAC+10WC−12Co, and SS316+15EWAC+15WC−12Co has been cast in a domestic microwave oven of maximum power and frequency of 0.9 kW and 2.45 × 103 MHz respectively. The casting of size 30 × 6 mm2 is prepared. The prepared sample’s mechanical properties, such as ultimate peak load, flexural strength, strain at peak load, strain at break and flexural modulus, are tested on Dak System UTM having load cell 10 kN as per ASTM 1161-18 standard. The flexural strength and peak load for SS316+15EWAC+10WC−12Co, strain at peak load for SS316+15EWAC+5WC−12Co, and flexural modulus and microhardness for SS316+15EWAC+15WC−12Co were found maximum value. The maximum microhardness value is obtained in the carbide phase. The microstructure of the cast samples shows equiaxed grain growth with identical melting of the matrix. The XRD pattern of the samples confirmed the presence of various intermetallic and carbide phases.
StranghönerNAziziEGorbachovA.Influence of material nonlinearity on the buckling resistance of stainless steel shells. J Constr Steel Res2019; 157: 386–396.
2.
FadeleOKAremuAK.Design, construction and performance evaluation of a Moringa oleifera seed shelling machine. Eng Agric Environ Food2016; 9: 250–256.
3.
SamalPTaraiHMeherA, et al. Effect of SiC and WC reinforcements on microstructural and mechanical characteristics of copper alloy-based metal matrix composites using stir casting route. Appl Sci2023; 13: 1754.
4.
OstolazaMArrizubietaJILamikizA, et al. Latest Developments to manufacture metal matrix composites and functionally graded materials through AM: A State-of-the-Art Review. Materials2023; 16: 1746.
5.
XinCZhaoXGengH, et al. Microstructure, grain and nanowire growth during selective laser melting of Ag-Cu/diamond composites. RSC Adv2023; 13: 3448–3458.
6.
SchnellNWegnerJElspaßA, et al. Effective absorptivity of diamond-reinforced metal matrix composites for powder bed fusion using a laser beam. Addit Manuf Lett2023; 6: 100138.
7.
ParsonsEMShaikSZ.Additive manufacturing of aluminum metal matrix composites: mechanical alloying of composite powders and single track consolidation with laser powder bed fusion. Addit Manuf2022; 50: 102450.
8.
SergiAKhanRHUIrukuvarghulaS, et al. Development of Ni-base metal matrix composites by powder metallurgy hot isostatic pressing for space applications. Adv Powder Technol2022; 33: 103411.
9.
Bolat AkgünİCGökşenliA. Effects of particle size, bimodality and heat treatment on mechanical properties of pumice reinforced aluminum syntactic foams produced by cold chamber die casting. China Foundry2021; 18: 529–540.
10.
Bolat BilgeGGökşenliA. An investigation on the effect of heat treatment on the compression behavior of aluminum matrix syntactic foam fabricated by sandwich infiltration casting. Mater Res2021; 24: 24.
11.
TayyebiMAlizadehM.A novel two-step method for producing Al/Cu functionally graded metal matrix composite. J Alloys Compd2022; 911: 165078.
12.
KumarDThakurL.A study of processing and parametric optimization of wear-resistant AZ91-TiB2 composite fabricated by ultrasonic-assisted stir casting process. Surf Topogr Metrol Prop2022; 10: 025024.
13.
MandalVTripathiPKumarA, et al. A study on selective laser melting (SLM) of TiC and B4C reinforced IN718 metal matrix composites (MMCs). J Alloys Compd2022; 901: 163527.
14.
KumarBAKrishnanMMSahayarajAF, et al. Characterization of the aluminium matrix composite reinforced with silicon nitride (AA6061/Si3N4) synthesized by the stir casting route. Adv Mater Sci Eng2022; 2022: 1–8.
15.
PakdelAWiteckaARydzekG, et al. A comprehensive microstructural analysis of Al–WC micro- and nano-composites prepared by spark plasma sintering. Mater Des2017; 119: 225–234.
16.
YusufSChenYBoardmanR, et al. Investigation on porosity and microhardness of 316L stainless steel fabricated by selective laser melting. Metals2017; 7: 64.
17.
HussainMMandalVSinghPK, et al. Experimental study of microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of cBN particulates SS316 alloy based MMCs fabricated by DMLS technique. J Mech Sci Technol2017; 31: 2729–2737.
18.
TuchoWMLysneVHAustbøH, et al. Investigation of effects of process parameters on microstructure and hardness of SLM manufactured SS316L. J Alloys Compd2018; 740: 910–925.
19.
TolosaIGarciandíaFZubiriF, et al. Study of mechanical properties of AISI 316 stainless steel processed by “selective laser melting”, following different manufacturing strategies. Int J Adv Manuf Technol2010; 51: 639–647.
20.
CherryJADaviesHMMehmoodS, et al. Investigation into the effect of process parameters on microstructural and physical properties of 316L stainless steel parts by selective laser melting. Int J Adv Manuf Technol2015; 76: 869–879.
21.
RoyRAgrawalDChengJ, et al. Full sintering of powdered-metal bodies in a microwave field. Nature1999; 399: 668–670.
22.
PalJGuptaDSinghTP.Processing and characterization of SS316 based metal matrix composite casting through microwave hybrid heating. Proc IMechE, Part C: J Mechanical Engineering Science2022; 236: 10508–10527.
23.
GuptaDSharmaAK.Development and microstructural characterization of microwave cladding on austenitic stainless steel. Surf Coat Technol2011; 205: 5147–5155.
24.
MagoJBansalSGuptaD, et al. Investigation of microwave processing parameters on development of Ni-40Cr3C2 composite clad and their characterization. Metall Mater Trans A2020; 51: 4288–4300.
25.
SharmaAKGuptaD.On microstructure and flexural strength of metal–ceramic composite cladding developed through microwave heating. Appl Surf Sci2012; 258: 5583–5592.
26.
KaushalSGuptaDBhowmickH.On processing and flexural behaviour of functionally graded clads developed through microwave irradiation. Mater Res Express2019; 6: 076405.
27.
SinghCKhannaVSinghS.Sustainability of microwave heating in materials processing technologies. Mater Today Proc2023; 73: 241–248.
28.
MehtaAVasudevHJeyaprakashN.Role of sustainable manufacturing approach: microwave processing of materials. Int J Interact Des Manuf. Epub ahead of print 5April2023. DOI: 10.1007/s12008-023-01318-4
29.
LiuJZhouBXuL, et al. Fabrication of SiC reinforced aluminium metal matrix composites through microwave sintering. Mater Res Express2020; 7: 125101.
30.
SinghSGuptaDJainV.Microwave processing and characterization of nickel powder based metal matrix composite castings. Mater Res Express2019; 6: 0865b1.
31.
SinghSGuptaDJainV.Processing of Ni-WC-8Co MMC casting through microwave melting. Mater Manuf Process2018; 33: 26–34.
32.
MishraRRSharmaAK.Experimental investigation on in-situ microwave casting of copper. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng2018; 346: 012052.
33.
KaushalSBohraSGuptaD, et al. On processing and characterization of Cu–Mo-based castings through Microwave Heating. Int J Met2021; 15: 530–537.
34.
AshwathPXaviorMA.Effect of ceramic reinforcements on microwave sintered metal matrix composites. Mater Manuf Process2018; 33: 7–12.
35.
SinghRSinghAKChaurashiyaP, et al. Investigation of mechanical and tribological properties of Al–7 wt.% Si alloy metal matrix composites reinforced with SiC. Silicon. Epub ahead of print 25February2023. DOI: 10.1007/s12633-023-02357-y
36.
KumarDAngraSSinghS. Mechanical properties and wear behaviour of stir cast aluminum metal matrix composite: a review. Int J Eng2022; 35: 794–801.
37.
NatrayanLYogeshwaranSYuvarajL, et al. Effect of graphene reinforcement on mechanical and microstructure behavior of AA8030/graphene composites fabricated by stir casting technique, p. 020012.
38.
DasDRoyDKSatpathyMP, et al. Compressive, impact and flexural behaviour of Al based metal matrix composites. Mater Today Proc2019; 18: 3080–3086.
39.
Vijaya RamnathBElanchezhianCJaivigneshM, et al. Evaluation of mechanical properties of aluminium alloy–alumina–boron carbide metal matrix composites. Mater Des2014; 58: 332–338.
40.
RaoVADeivanathanR.Experimental investigation for welding aspects of stainless steel 310 for the process of TIG Welding. Procedia Eng2014; 97: 902–908.
41.
LeguillonDMartinÉLafarie-FrenotM-C.Flexuralvs.Tensile strength in brittle materials. Comptes Rendus Mécanique2015; 343: 275–281.
42.
AlhassanEAOlasehindeDAMusondaA, et al. Tensile and flexural behaviour of steel materials used in the construction of crop processing machines. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci2020; 445: 012044.
43.
DixitAKumarK.Optimization of wear rate and coefficient of friction in silica gel reinforced aluminium metal matrix composites using grey-Taguchi technique. Int J Appl Eng Res2015; 10: 10208–10212.
44.
RaoPGRaoPSKrishnaAG.Flexural strength improvement of welded joints prepared by vibratory welding process. Int J Manuf Mater Mech Eng2015; 5: 1–16.
45.
BalakZZakeriMRahimipurMR, et al. Effect of open porosity on flexural strength and hardness of ZrB2-based composites. Ceram Int2015; 41: 8312–8319.
46.
FischerJStawarczykBHämmerleCH.Flexural strength of veneering ceramics for zirconia. J Dent2008; 36: 316–321.
47.
MishraSKSatapathyA.Ceramic particulate filled ZA-27 metal matrix composites: comparative analysis. Mater Sci Technol2014; 30: 1495–1499.
48.
BalakZZakeriM.Application of Taguchi L32 orthogonal design to optimize flexural strength of ZrB2-based composites prepared by spark plasma sintering. Int J Refract Met Hard Mater2016; 55: 58–67.
49.
LingappaSMSrinathMSAmarendraHJ.Melting of bulk non-ferrous metallic materials by microwave hybrid heating (MHH) and conventional heating: a comparative study on energy consumption. J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng2018; 40(1): 1–11.
50.
SinghSGuptaDJainV.Novel microwave composite casting process: theory, feasibility and characterization. Mater Des2016; 111: 51–59.
51.
MagoJBansalSGuptaD, et al. Influence of microwave heating on metallurgical and mechanical properties of Ni-40Cr3C2 composite clads in the context of cavitation erosion resistance characteristics. Proc IMechE, Part C: J Mechanical Engineering Science2021; 235: 1258–1276.
52.
ChandrasekaranSRamanathanSBasakT.Microwave material processing-a review. AIChE J2012; 58: 330–363.
53.
BhagatRB.Cavitation erosion of composites — a materials perspective. J Mater Sci Lett1987; 6: 1473–1475.
54.
TianLGuoYLiJ, et al. Effects of solidification cooling rate on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a cast Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Ni piston alloy. Materials2018; 11: 1230.
55.
PolaAMontesanoLSinagraC, et al. Effect of globular microstructure on cavitation erosion resistance of aluminium alloys. Solid State Phenom2016; 256: 51–57.
56.
HussainMMandalVKumarV, et al. Development of TiN particulates reinforced SS316 based metal matrix composite by direct metal laser sintering technique and its characterization. Opt Laser Technol2017; 97: 46–59.
57.
KaushalSSinghDGuptaD, et al. Wear resistance improvement of austenitic 316 L Steel by microwave-processed composite clads. J Tribol2019; 141: 1–21. DOI: 10.1115/1.4042273
