Improper design or maintenance of threaded fastener bolted joints can lead to safety issues and/or loss of life due to failure of the joint. This paper describes the effect of multiple uses of threaded fasteners on the associated loss of preload. Experimental test data is used to model the behaviour of fastener usage against preload loss; a predictive capability is derived accounting for fastener diameter changes. Assessment of the behaviour identifies that fastener thread pitch is an important contributor to the decay of preload due to reuse.
DoddM. Heavy vehicle wheel detachment and possible solutions phase 2 final report. Transport Research Laboratory. UK Dept of Transport. Report PPR no. 475.
8.
Department for Transport. Rail accident report – derailment at Greyrigg 23 February 2007, 5July2011.
PlautRHDavisFM. Sudden lateral asymmetry and torsional oscillations of section models of suspension bridges. J Sound Vib2007; 307(3–5): 894–905.
11.
FonteMReisLInfanteV, et al. Failure analysis of cylinder head studs of a four stroke marine diesel engine. Eng Fail Anal2019; 101: 298–308.
12.
StrozziABaldiniAGiacopiniM, et al. A repertoire of failures in connecting rods for internal combustion engines, and indications on traditional and advanced design methods. Eng Fail Anal2016; 60: 20–39.
13.
WangDXuW. Fatigue failure analysis and multi-objective optimisation for the hybrid (bolted/bonded) connection of magnesium–aluminium alloy assembled wheel. Eng Fail Anal2020; 112: 104530.
14.
ISO 16047. Fasteners – torque/clamp force tests; BS EN ISO 16047:2005+A1:2010, October2020. BSI Standards Publication.
15.
TronciG. Frictional behaviour of coated self-locking aerospace fasteners. PhD Thesis, University of Sheffield, UK, 2017.
16.
MotoshN. Development of design charts for bolts preloaded up to the plastic range. J Eng Ind1976; 98: 849–851.
17.
BickfordJ. Introduction to the design and behaviour of bolted joints. 2nd ed.Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1990.
DIN 946. Determination of coefficient of friction of bolt/nut assemblies under specified conditions, October1991.
20.
VDI 2330. Systematic calculation of high duty bolted joints part 1. Verein Deutscher Ingenieure, February2003.
21.
ASME B1.1. Unified inch screw threads. American Standard of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), 2003.
22.
ISO898. Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel; Part 1 & 2; BE EN ISO 898-1:2013 & BE EN ISO 898-2:2012, BSI Standards Publication.
23.
KellermannRKleinHC. Investigations on the influence of friction on the clamp force and the tightening torque of bolted joints. R. Konstruktion. Berlin/Göttingen/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1955.
24.
EcclesW. Tribological aspects of the self-loosening of threaded fasteners. PhD Thesis, Jost Institute for Tribotechnology, University of Central Lancashire, UK, 2010.
25.
CroccoloDDe AgostinisMVincenziN. Influence of tightening procedures and lubrication conditions on titanium screw joints for lightweight applications. Tribol Int2012; 55: 68–76.
26.
CroccoloDDe AgostinisMFiniS, et al. The influence of material, hardness, roughness and surface treatment on the frictional characteristics of the underhead contact in socket-head screws. In: Pressure vessels and piping division, 2018, vol. 51616, p.V002T02A034. New York, NY: American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
27.
CroccoloDDe AgostinisMFiniS, et al. Experimental investigation on the friction coefficients for different materials, lubrication conditions and coatings in bolted joints. In: Pressure vessels and piping division, 2020, vol. 83822, p.V002T02A025. New York, NY: American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
28.
HessDP. Preload from tightening and removal torque. J Fail Anal Prev2019; 19(4): 1055–1066.
29.
LiuJOuyangHPengJ, et al. Experimental and numerical studies of bolted joints subjected to axial excitation. Wear2016; 346–347: 66–77.
30.
BrennerHS. Development of technology for installation of mechanical fasteners, Almay Research and Testing Corporation, NASA Marshall Space Flight Centre, December1971.
