Loss of lubrication (LOL) is a severe problem in transmission systems wherein the temperature increases continuously until failure. The temperature and flow-field distributions during this process are complicated. These distributions and the heat generation of the transmission system during LOL have not been adequately studied. In this study, we used computational fluid dynamics to establish an oil–gas, two-phase flow model for asymmetric bearings and calculated the oil volume fraction on the bearing surface. A dynamic heat generation calculation method was proposed based on the kinematic viscosity variation of the oil–air mixture during the LOL process. The temperature distributions of the large and small rollers and raceway surface during the LOL process were analyzed using a simulation method. The injection parameters were optimized to avoid the gluing of the large roller. The internal temperature distribution was found to have a strong positive correlation with the lubricant distribution during the LOL process. Moreover, the lubrication and temperature distributions on the large-roller side were worse than those on the small-roller side. A temperature reduction of approximately 25% can be achieved if the number of oil inlets is increased.
LorenzoMFrancoC. Computational fluid dynamics applied to lubricated mechanical components: review of the approaches to simulate gears, bearings, and pumps. Appl Sci2020; 10(24): 8810.
2.
HongbinLGongpingLHaiyangW, et al.Numerical simulation of two-phase air/oil flow in high speed angular contact ball bearing chamber. J Mech Sci Technol2016; 33: 1103–1111.
3.
XiaoxiaoLIKeYLinfengGE, et al.Research on flow field characteristics of oil injection lubrication for high-speed ball bearings. J Xi'an Jiaotong Univ2019; 53: 17–24.
4.
ZhangR. Investigation on the Two-phase Flow and Heat Transfer inside High-Speed Ball Bearings for in Vehicular transmissionMaster Thesis. CN: Beijing Institute of Technology, 2016.
5.
WyattPThomasRFarshidS, et al.A CFD investigation of lubricant flow in deep groove ball bearings. Tribol Int2021; 154: 106735.
6.
BaoHYWangCLLuFX. Temperature impact analysis of star gear bearing inner ring based on under-race lubrication passage. J Mech Sci Technol2020; 34(12): 1–8.
7.
KaiGShi-HuaYZi-TongS. Study on oil-air two-phase flow inside the high-speed bearing cavity with jet lubrication. Trans Beijing Inst Technol2012; 32: 10221041–1025.
8.
FengxiaLUMengWChunleiW, et al.Analysis and optimization method for flow field of intermediate gearbox splash lubrication in helicopters. Acta Aeronautica Astronautica Sinica bbreviated J2020; 41: 159–169.
9.
FeldermannAFischerDNeumannS, et al.Determination of hydraulic losses in radial cylindrical roller bearings using CFD simulations. Tribol Int2017; 113: 245251.
10.
Qing-YuanCFeng-XiaLUHe-YunB. Steady state thermal analysis of ball bearing based on thermal network method and the finite element method. Machine Building & Automation2013; 42: 97–100.
11.
VilleFVelexPChangenetC, et al.Investigations on the power losses and thermal behavior of rolling element bearings. Proc Inst Mech Eng J J Eng Tribol2010; 224: 925–933.
12.
GloecknerPDullenkopfKFlourosM.Direct outer ring cooling of a high speed jet engine mainshaft ball bearing: experimental investigation results. J Eng Gas Turbines Power2011; 133(6): 062503062510.
13.
ZhouX.ZhangH.HaoX., et al. Investigation on thermal behavior and temperature distribution of bearing inner and outer rings. Tribology Int2019; 130: 289–298.
14.
FengxiaLMengWWenbinP, et al.CFD-based investigation of lubrication and temperature characteristics of an intermediate gearbox with splash lubrication. Appl Sci2020; 11(1).
15.
KimK.-S.LeeD.-W.LeeS.-M., et al. A numerical approach to determine the frictional torque and temperature of an angular contact ball bearing in a spindle system. Int J Precis Eng Manuf2015; 16: 135–142.
16.
WuW.HuC.HuJ., et al. Jet cooling characteristics for ball bearings using the VOF multiphase model. Int J Therm Sci2017; 116: 150–158.
17.
LiebrechtJ.SiX.SauerB., et al. Investigation of drag and churning losses on tapered roller bearings. SV-JME2015; 61: 399–408.
18.
JengY.-R.GaoC.-C.Investigation of the ball-bearing temperature rise under an oil-air lubrication system. Proc Inst Mech Eng J: J Eng Tribology2001; 215: 139–148.
19.
PinelS. I.SignerH. R.ZaretskyE. V.Design and operating characteristics of high-speed, small-bore ball bearings. Tribology Trans1998; 41: 423–434.
20.
KeYNingWQiangZ, et al.Theoretical and experimental investigation on the thermal characteristics of double-row tapered roller bearings of high speed loco-motive. Int J Heat Mass Transf2015; 84: 1119–1130.
21.
ZhouX.ZhuQ.WenB., et al. Experimental investigation on temperature field of a double-row tapered roller bearing. Tribology Trans2019; 62: 1086–1098.
22.
GarciaRELostadoRFernandez MartinezR. Optimization of operating conditions for a double-row tapered roller bearing. Int J Mech Mater Des2016; 12: 353–373.
23.
LostadoR.MartinezR. F.Mac DonaldB. J., et al.Determination of the contact stresses in double-row tapered roller bearings using the finite element method, experimental analysis and analytical models. J Mech Sci Technol2015; 29: 4645–4656.
24.
Lostado-LorzaR.Escribano-GarciaR.Fernandez-MartinezR., et al. Using the finite element method and data mining techniques as an alternative method to determine the maximum load capacity in tapered roller bearings. J Appl Logic2017; 24: 4–14.
25.
Fernandez MartinezRLostado LorzaR, et al.Optimizing presetting attributes by softcomputing techniques to improve tapered roller bearings working conditions. Adva Engi Soft2018; 123: 13–24.
26.
LostadoR.Martínez-De-PisónF. J.PerníaA., et al. Combining regression trees and the finite element method to define stress models of highly non-linear mechanical systems. J Strain Anal Eng Des2009; 44: 491–502.
27.
AndersonJD. Computational fluid dynamics: The basics with applications. Aeronaut J1995; 100(998): 365.
28.
HirtWCNicholsDB. Volume of fluid (VOF) method for the dynamics of free boundaries. Acad Press1981; 39(1).
29.
HuJ.WuW.WuM., et al. Numerical investigation of the air-oil two-phase flow inside an oil-jet lubricated ball bearing. Int J Heat Mass Transfer2014; 68: 85–93.
30.
HongJZhaiQWangY, et al.Investigation on heat dissipation characteristic of ball bearing cage and inside cavity at ultra high rotation speed. Tribol Int2016; 93: 470–481.
31.
HaagerP. L.LundbergGLeePA. Discussion: "Dynamic Capacity of Rolling Bearings" (Lundberg, Gustaf, and Palmgren, Arvid, 1949, ASME J. Appl. Mech., 16, pp. 165-172). J Appl Mech Trans ASME1949; 16(4): 415–416.
32.
Ze-JinLJie-HongYXi-JieY. Study on the calculation of friction power loss on rolling bearing under loss of lubrication condition. Mech Eng2012; 5–6: 12.
33.
Wen-JunGZhen-XiaPeng-FeiZ, et al.Steady thermal analysis of main-shaft roller bearing for aero-engine based on multi-nodes thermal network methods. J Propulsion Technol2019; 40: 382–388.
