Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online 2022-11
Regulating the electrical resistive switching behaviors of polyimides through different steric hindrance substituents on 2,7-position of tetraphenyl fluorene diamines moieties
Three novel polyimides (PI(TPF-Br BPDA), PI(TPF-Ph BPDA), and PI(TPF-Ph-OMe BPDA)) with tetraphenyl fluorene (TPF) were synthesized and tested. The laboratorial results showed that the constructed electronic devices exhibited different memory behaviors due to the different steric hindrance substituents (bromine atom, phenyl, and 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl) in 2,7-position of TPF molecule. The memorizers based on PI(TPF-Br BPDA) and PI(TPF-Ph BPDA) presented volatile dynamic random access memory (DRAM) feature with turn-on voltages of −2.39 and +1.45 V, as same as −1.71 and +1.74 V, separately. However, the PI(TPF-Ph-OMe BPDA) based apparatus exhibited non-volatile write-once read-many-times memory (WORM) behavior with turn-on voltage of −1.13 V, due to the more charge traps of 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl moieties and higher dipole moment. The switching mechanism was verified by quantum simulation of energy level, electrostatic potential (ESP) surface and dipole moment. These results indicated that the electrical memory performance of the synthesized TPF-based PIs could be adjusted by modifying the electron donor structure.
WangMLiZLiH, et al.Different steric-twist-induced ternary memory characteristics in nonconjugated copolymers with pendant naphthalene and 1,8-naphthalimide moieties. Chem Asian J2017; 12: 2744–2748.
2.
MaYChenHXZhouF, et al.Metal complex modified azo polymers for multilevel organic memories. Nanoscale2015; 7: 7659–7664.
3.
LiuSJWangPZhaoQ, et al.Single polymer-based ternary electronic memory material and device. Adv Mater2012; 24: 2901–2905.
4.
FanFZhangBCaoY, et al.Conjugated polymer covalently modified graphene oxide quantum dots for ternary electronic memory devices. Nanoscale2017; 9: 10610–10618.
5.
JungSKwonWWiD, et al.Hierarchical self-assembly and digital memory characteristics of crystalline-amorphous brush diblock copolymers bearing electroactive moieties. Macromolecules2016; 49: 1369–1382.
6.
GuoDSunZWangS, et al.Synthesis and optical and electrochemical memory properties of fluorene-triphenylamine alternating copolymer. RSC Adv2017; 7: 10323–10332.
7.
SunYMiaoFLiR, et al.Resistive switching memory devices based on electrical conductance tuning in poly(4-vinyl phenol)-oxadiazole composites. Phys Chem Chem Phys2015; 17: 29978–29984.
8.
LiYNiX. One-step preparation of graphene oxide-poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) composite films for nonvolatile rewritable memory devices. RSC Adv2016; 6: 16340–16347.
9.
WangCLiuGChenY, et al.Synthesis and nonvolatile memristive switching effect of a donor-acceptor structured oligomer. J Mater Chem C2015; 3: 664–673.
10.
KimKYenHJKoYG, et al.Electrically bistable digital memory behaviors of thin films of polyimides based on conjugated bis(triphenylamine) derivatives. Polymer2012; 53: 4135–4144.
11.
YangYJinPLiuJ, et al.Ternary memory property of novel polyimide with backbone carbazole moiety and pendant triphenylamine moiety. High Perform Polym2018; 31: 640–650. DOI: 10.1177/0954008318778762.
12.
YangYDingZXiaJ, et al.Nonvolatile write-once read-many-times memory behaviors of polyimides containing tetraphenyl fluorene core and the pendant triphenylamine or carbazole moieties. J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem2018; 56: 1630–1644.
13.
JiaNTianGQiS, et al.Asymmetric isomerization: an efficient strategy to tune the electrical resistive memory behaviors of functional polyimides containing N-Phenylcarbazole moieties. RSC Adv2017; 7: 23550–23559.
14.
YangYJinPDingS, et al.Organo-solubility carbazole-containing polyimides with tunable memory characteristics based on different dianhydride moieties. Macromol Chem Phys2018; 219: 1800195.
15.
HaoRJiaNTianG, et al.Flash memory effects and devices based on functional polyimides bearing pendent ferrocene group. Mater Des2018; 139: 298–303.
16.
ZhouZQuLYangT, et al.Nonvolatile electrical switching behavior and mechanism of functional polyimides bearing a pyrrole unit: influence of different side groups. RSC Adv2016; 6: 52798–52809.
17.
LiuYLWangKLHuangGS, et al.Volatile electrical switching and static random access memory effect in a functional polyimide containing oxadiazole moieties. Chem Mater2009; 21: 3391–3399.
18.
WangKLLiuYLShihIH, et al.Synthesis of polyimides containing triphenylamine-substituted triazole moieties for polymer memory applications. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem2010; 48: 5790–5800.
19.
KhanQUJiaNTianG, et al.Triggering WORM/SRAM memory conversion in a porphyrinated polyimide via Zn complexation as the internal electrode. J Phys Chem C2017; 121: 9153–9161.
20.
TsaiMWangLinCCTsaiC, et al.A novel porphyrin-containing polyimide for memory devices. Polym Chem2016; 7: 2780–2784.
21.
LiuCKurosawaTYuA, et al.New dibenzothiophene-containing donor−acceptor polyimides for high-performance memory device applications. J Phys Chem C2011; 115: 5930–5939.
22.
HahmSGChoiSHongS, et al.Novel rewritable, non-volatile memory devices based on thermally and dimensionally stable polyimide thin films. Adv Funct Mater2008; 18: 3276–3282.
23.
WangKLiuYLeeJ, et al.Nonvolatile electrical switching and write-once read-many-times memory effects in functional polyimides containing triphenylamine and 1,3,4-oxadiazole moieties. Macromolecules2010; 43: 7159–7164.
24.
ShiLJiaNKongL, et al.Tuning resistive switching memory behavior from non-volatile to volatile by phenoxy linkages in soluble polyimides containing carbazole-tethered triazole groups. Macromol Chem Phys2014; 215: 2374–2388.
25.
KuorosawaTChuehCLiuC, et al.High performance volatile polymeric memory devices based on novel triphenylamine-based polyimides containing mono- or dual-mediated phenoxy linkages. Macromolecules2010; 43: 1236–1244.
26.
LiYXuHTaoX, et al.Synthesis and memory characteristics of highly organo-soluble polyimides bearing a noncoplanar twisted biphenyl unit containing aromatic side-chain groups. J Mater Chem2011; 21: 1810–1821.
27.
ShiLYeHLiuW, et al.Tuning the electrical memory characteristics from WORM to flash by α- and β-substitution of the electron-donating naphthylamine moieties in functional polyimides. J Mater Chem C2013; 1: 7387–7399.
LiuYZhangYLanQ, et al.Synthesis and properties of high-performance functional polyimides containing rigid nonplanar conjugated tetraphenylethylene moieties. J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem2013; 51: 1302–1314.
30.
LiuYZhouZQuL, et al.Exceptionally thermostable and soluble aromatic polyimides with special characteristics: intrinsic ultralow dielectric constant, static random access memory behaviors, transparency and fluorescence. Mater Chem Front2017; 1: 326–337.
31.
QuLHuangSZhangY, et al.Multi-functional polyimides containing tetraphenyl fluorene moieties: fluorescence and resistive switching behaviors. J Mater Chem C2017; 5: 6457–6466.
32.
YangYXiaJDingZ, et al.Synthesis and resistive switching characteristics of polyimides derived from 2,7-aryl substituents tetraphenyl fluorene diamines. Eur Polym J2018; 108: 85–97.
33.
KhoshkamMSadeghiMChenarMP, et al.Synthesis, characterization and gas separation properties of novel copolyimide membranes based on flexible etheric-aliphatic moieties. RSC Adv2016; 6: 35751–35763.
LeeCYangWParrRG. Development of the colle-salvetti correlation-energy formula into a functional of the electron density. Phys Rev B1988; 37: 785–789.
36.
ZhaoJPengLZhuY, et al.Tristable data storage device of soluble polyimides based on novel asymmetrical diamines containing carbazole. Polym Chem2016; 7: 1765–1772.
37.
JiaNGuoJTianG, et al.Achieving tunable memory performance from nonvolatile to volatile by altering the trap depth of charge trapping sites in functional imides containing carbazole moieties. Dyes Pigm2017; 146: 1–6.
Supplementary Material
Please find the following supplemental material available below.
For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.
For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.
