Three new polyaniline (PANI) micro/nanostructures featuring square nanosheets, microspheres and microdisks are successfully synthesized via hydrothermal method. Uniform sizes and thickness of highly crystalline PANI square structural nanosheets can be tuned by the oxidation polymerization in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a template. Mechanistic studies indicate that concentrations of aniline and CTAB, reaction temperature and time have great influence on the morphology of PANI polymers. Particularly, CTAB is essential to determine the morphology of synthetic PANI. In aqueous solution at extremely high temperature and pressure, CTAB provides various self-assembly of micelles, such as spherical micelle, planar bilayer, and lamellar phase, in which corresponding micro/nanostructures are formed. This hydrothermal fabrication gives an excellent example for the preparation of well-defined two-dimensional PANI micro/nanomaterials and potentially for other synthetic polymers.
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