Drawing on the new social movement approach, this study focuses on the construction
and uses of collective and individual identities in the Beijing Democracy Movement
(1978–1981). The movement's mainstream constructed a progressive
Marxist identity and its individual participants used it to prove the
movement's historical necessity and justify its democratic agenda. Combined
with the related identity of socialist citizens, the proponents defended the
movement against adversaries from without and the right-wing minority within. It is
argued here that the way the Democracy Movement activists defined their collective
identity offered them a progressive Marxist platform to champion their cause. This
collective identity not only precluded confrontational opposition to the Communist
Party, but also enabled a more constructive use of both classical Marxist and
Western democratic thinking in the movement's agenda.
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