Institutional Change and the Rise of an Ecosystem Model in Education Philanthropy

Berk G. Galvan D. (2009). How people experience and change institutions: A field guide to creative syncretism. Theory and Society, 38(6), 543–580.

Charmaz K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis. SAGE.

DiMaggio P. Powell W. (1983). The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, 48(2), 147–160.

Dowling J. Pfeffer J. (1975). Organizational legitimacy: Social values and organizational behavior. The Pacific Sociological Review, 18(1), 122–136.

Forti M. (2012). Six theory of change pitfalls to avoid. Stanford Social Innovation Review.

Foundation Directory Online. (n.d.). https://fconline.foundationcenter.org/

Gilens M. Page B. (2014). Testing theories of American politics: Elites, interest groups, and average citizens. Perspectives on Politics, 12(3), 564–581.

Goss K. (2016). Policy plutocrats: How America’s wealthy seek to influence governance. Politics Symposium, 49(3), 442–448.

Greene J. (2005). “Buckets into the sea: Why Philanthropy isn’t changing schools, and how it could.” In Hess F. (Ed.), With the best of intentions: How philanthropy is reshaping K-12 education (pp. 49–76). Harvard Education Press.

Haddad N. Reckhow S. (2018). The shifting role of higher education philanthropy: A network analysis of philanthropic policy strategies. Philanthropy & Education, 2(1), 25–52.

Hess F. (Ed.). (2005). With the best of intentions: How philanthropy is reshaping K-12 education. Harvard Education Press.

Hess F. (2019, March 18). The state of education philanthropy. American Enterprise Institute. https://www.aei.org/articles/the-state-of-education-philanthropy/

Hess F. Henig J. (Eds.). (2015). The new education philanthropy: Politics, policy, and reform. Harvard Education Press.

Huerta L. Zuckerman A. (2009). An institutional theory analysis of charter schools: Addressing institutional challenges to scale. Peabody Journal of Education, 84(3), 414–431.

Kania J. Kramer M. Russell P. (2014). Strategic philanthropy for a complex world. Stanford Social Innovation Review, 12(3), 26–37.

Mehta J. Teles S. (2011). Jurisdictional politics: A new federal role in education. In Hess F. Kelly A. (Eds.), Carrots, sticks, and the bully pulpit: Lessons from a half-century of federal efforts to improve America’s schools (pp. 197–215). Harvard Education Press.

Merriam S. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. Jossey-Bass.

Merriam S. Tisdell E. (2016). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation (4th ed.). Jossey-Bass.

Meyer J. Rowan B. (1991). Instituionalized organizations: Formal structure as myth and ceremony. In Meyer J. Scott R. (Eds.), Organizational environments: Ritual and rationality (pp. 41–62). SAGE.

Meyer J. Scott R. Deal T. (1983). Institutional and technical sources of organizational structure: Explaining the structure of educational organizations. In Meyer J. Scott R. (Eds.), Organizational environments: Ritual and rationality (pp. 45–67). SAGE.

Reich R. (2018). Just giving: Why philanthropy is failing democracy and how it can do better. Princeton University Press.

Reckhow S. (2010). Disseminating and legitimating a new approach: The role of foundations. In Bulkley K. Henig J. Levin H. (Eds.), Between public and private: Politics, governance, and the new portfolio models for urban school reform (pp. 277–304). Harvard Education Press.

Reckhow S. (2013). Follow the money: How foundation dollars change public school politics. Oxford University Press.

Reckhow S. (2016). More than policy patrons: How foundations fuel policy change and backlash. Politics Symposium, 49(3), 449–454.

Reckhow S. Henig J. Jacobsen R. Litt J. A. (2017). “Outsiders with deep pockets”: The nationalization of local school board elections. Urban Affairs Review, 53(5), 783–811.

Reckhow S. Snyder J. (2014). The expanding role of philanthropy in education politics. Educational Researcher, 43(4), 186–195.

Reckhow S. Tompkins-Stange M. (2018). Financing the education policy discourse: Philanthropic funders as entrepreneurs in policy networks. Interest Groups & Advocacy, 7(3), 258–288.

Reckhow S. Tompkins-Stange M. Galey-Horn S. (2021). How the political economy of knowledge production shapes education policy: The case of teacher evaluation in federal policy discourse. Educational Evaluation & Policy Analysis, 43(3), 472–494.

Russakoff D. (2016). The prize: Who’s in charge of America’s schools? Mariner Books.

Sands S. (2019, April 12–13). Applying a rational systems approach to the analysis of education philanthropies’ grantmaking practices [Paper presentation]. New York State Political Science Association, Staten Island, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.33774/apsa-2019-bjn97

Scott J. (2009). The politics of venture philanthropy in charter school policy and advocacy. Educational Policy, 23(1), 106–136.

Scott W. R. (1991). Unpacking institutional arguments. In Meyer J. Scott R. (Eds.), Organizational environments: Ritual and rationality (pp. 164–182). SAGE.

Snyder J. (2015). How old foundations differ from new foundations. In Hess F. Henig J. (Eds.), The new education philanthropy: Politics, policy, and reform (pp. 29–53). Harvard Education Press.

Tompkins-Stange M. (2016). Policy patrons: Philanthropy, education reform, and the politics of influence. Harvard Education Press.