The authors evaluated how a group-based career intervention affected career network ties among Finnish adolescents as they made educational choices and prepared for their transition to secondary education. They examined the career-related network ties of 868 students during their last year in comprehensive school (junior high school) in a randomized field experimental study. The results indicated that immediately after the intervention, the group method lowered the density of participants' career networks, that is, the participants' network ties were less interconnected. The results further showed that about 6 months after the intervention, the program had increased the number of school counselors named as network ties.
BaldwinT. T.BedellM. D.JohnsonJ. L. (1997). The social fabric of a team-based M.B.A. program: Network effects on student satisfaction and performance. Academy of Management Journal, 40, 1369–1397.
2.
BanduraA. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84, 191–215.
3.
BlusteinD. L.PhillipsS. D.Jobin-DavisK.FinkelbergS. L.RoarkeA. E. (1997). A theory-building investigation of the school-to-work transition. Counseling Psychologist, 25, 364–405.
4.
BrandtstädterJ. (1998). Action perspectives on human development. In LernerR. (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology. Vol. 1: Theoretical models of human development (5th ed., pp. 807-863). New York, NY: John Wiley.
5.
BrightJ. E.PryorR. G.HarphamL. (2005). The role of chance events in career decision making. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 66, 561–576.
6.
BrownS. D.Ryan KraneN. E.BrecheisenJ.CastelinoP.BudisinI.MillerM.EdensL. (2003). Critical ingredients of career choice interventions: More analyses and new hypotheses. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 62, 411–428.
7.
BurtR. S. (1992). Structural holes: The social structure of competition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
8.
BurtR. S. (1997). A note on social capital and network content. Social Networks, 19, 355–373.
9.
BurtR. S. (2005). Brokerage and closure. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
10.
CaplanR. D.VinokurA. D.PriceR. H. (1997). From job loss to reemployment: Field experiments in prevention-focused coping. In AlbeeG. W.GullottaT. P. (Eds.), Primary prevention works: Issues in children’s and families' lives (pp. 341–379). Vol. 16, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
11.
CookT. D.CampbellD. T. (1979). Quasi-experimentation: Design and analysis issues for field settings. Boston, MA: Houghton-Mifflin.
12.
GranovetterM. S. (1985). Economic action and social structure: The problem of embeddedness. American Journal of Sociology, 91, 481–510.
13.
HansenW. B.CollinsL. M.MalotteC. K.JohnsonC. A.FieldingJ. E. (1985). Attrition in prevention research. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 8, 261–267.
14.
JokisaariM.NurmiJ.-E. (2005). Company matters: Goal-related social capital in the transition to working life. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67, 413–428.
15.
KennyM. E.BlusteinD. L.ChavesA.GrossmanJ. M.GallagherL. A. (2003). The role of perceived barriers and relational support in the educational and vocational lives of urban high school students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 50, 142–155.
16.
KilduffM. (1990). The interpersonal structure of decision making: A social comparison approach to organizational choice. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Making, 47, 270–288.
17.
LentR. W.BrownS. D.BrennerB.ChopraS.DavisT.TalleyrandR.SuthakaranV. (2001). The role of contextual supports and barriers in the choice of math/science educational options: A test of social cognitive hypotheses. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 48, 474–483.
18.
LentR. W.BrownS. D.HackettG. (1994). Toward a unifying social cognitive theory of career and academic interest, choice, and performance. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 45, 79–122.
19.
LentR. W.BrownS. D.SchmidtJ.BrennerB.LyonsH.TreistmanD. (2003). Relation of contextual supports and barriers to choice behavior in engineering majors: Test of alternative social cognitive models. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 50, 458–465.
20.
LiangB.SpencerR.BroganD.CorralM. (2008). Mentoring relationships from early adolescence through emerging adulthood: A qualitative analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 72, 168–182.
21.
LinN. (2001). Social capital: A theory of social structure and action. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
22.
MarsdenP. (1987). Core discussion networks of Americans. American Sociological Review, 52, 122–131.
23.
MarsdenP. (2005). Recent developments in network measurement. In CarringtonP. J.ScottJ.WassermanS. (Eds.), Models and methods in social network analysis (pp. 8–30). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
24.
MortimerJ. T.Zimmer-GembeckM. L.HolmesM.ShananM. J. (2002). The process of occupational decision making: Patterns during transition to adulthood. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61, 439–465.
25.
NumminenU.JankkoT.Lyra-KatzA.NyholmN.SiniharjuM.SvedlinR. (2002). Opinto-ohjauksen tila 2002 [School counseling in Finland 2002]. Opinto-ohjauksen arviointi perusopetuksessa, lukiossa ja ammatillisessa koulutuksessa. Helsinki, Finland: Opetushallitus.
26.
PhillipsS. D.BlusteinD. L.Jobin-DavisK.WhiteS. F. (2002). Preparation for the school-to-work transition: The views of high school students. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61, 202–216.
27.
PhillipsS. D.Christopher-SiskE. K.GravinoK. L. (2001). Making career decisions in a relational context. The Counseling Psychologist, 29, 193–213.
28.
PriceR. H.VinokurA. D. (1995). Supporting career transitions in time of organizational downsizing: The Michigan JOBS Program. In LondonM. (Ed.), Employees, careers, and job creation: Developing growth-oriented human resource strategies and programs (pp. 191–209). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
29.
RosenbaumJ. E.DeLucaS.MillerS.RoyK. (1999). Pathways into work: Short- and long-term effects of personal and institutional ties. Sociology of Education, 72, 179–196.
30.
Stanton-SalazarR. D.DornbuschS. M. (1995). Social capital and the reproduction of inequality: Information networks among Mexican-origin high school students. Sociology of Education, 68, 116–135.
VuoriJ.KoivistoP.LarviT.JokisaariM.SutelaS.Salmela-AroK. (2006). Kohti työelämää—ryhmämenetelmä [Towards the Working Life-group method]. Helsinki, Finland: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health.
34.
VuoriJ.KoivistoP.MutanenP.JokisaariM.Salmela-AroK. (2008). Towards Working Life: Effects of an intervention on mental health and transition to post-basic education. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 72, 67–80.
35.
VuoriJ.KoivistoP.MutanenP.JokisaariM.Salmela-AroK. (2009). Corrigendum to “Towards working life: Effects of an intervention on mental health and transition to post-basic education” [Journal of Vocational Behavior 72 (2008) 67–80]. Journal of Vocational Behavior, Volume 75, 237–238.
36.
WattsD. J. (2003). Six degrees: The science of connected age. London, England: Vintage.
