Competent research methods and data analysis are essential components for the progression of family business research. To identify and evaluate empirical trends, and make suggestions for future research, we examine 319 empirical articles published in Family Business Review since 1988. These studies are compared with 146 family business research articles published in top-tier journals not dedicated to family business research over the same timeframe. While we substantiate growth in rigor and sophistication, we address specific family business research challenges regarding construct validity, generalizability, causality, temporality, and multilevel issues. Suggestions are provided for future empirical research across six major topical areas.
AguinisH.DaltonD. R.BoscoF. A.PierceC. A.DaltonC. M. (2011). Meta-analytic choices and judgment calls: Implications for theory building and testing, obtained effect sizes, and scholarly impact. Journal of Management, 37, 5-38.
2.
AllisonT. H.McKennyA. F.ShortJ. C. (2014). Integrating time into family business research: Using random coefficient modeling to examine temporal influences on family firm ambidexterity. Family Business Review, 27, 20-34.
3.
AndersonR. C.ReebD. M. (2003). Founding-family ownership and firm performance: Evidence from the S&P 500. Journal of Finance, 58, 1301-1327.
4.
AndersonR. C.ReebD. M. (2004). Board composition: Balancing family influence in S&P 500 firms. Administrative Science Quarterly, 49, 209-237.
5.
AntonakisJ.BendahanS.JacquartP.LaliveR. (2010). On making causal claims: A review and recommendations. Leadership Quarterly, 21, 1086-1120.
6.
AstrachanJ. H.ShankerM. C. (2003). Family businesses’ contribution to the US economy: A closer look. Family Business Review, 16, 211-219.
7.
BarberaF.HassoT. (2013). Do we need to use an accountant? The sales growth and survival benefits to family SMEs. Family Business Review, 26, 271-292.
8.
BarnettT.EddlestonK.KellermannsF. W. (2009). The effects of family versus career role salience on the performance of family and nonfamily firms. Family Business Review, 22, 39-52.
9.
BerroneP.CruzC.Gomez-MejiaL. R. (2012). Socioemotional wealth in family firms: Theoretical dimensions, assessment approaches, and agenda for future research. Family Business Review, 25, 258-279.
BirdB.WelschH.AstrachanJ. H.PistruiD. (2002). Family business research: The evolution of an academic field. Family Business Review, 15, 337-350.
12.
BjörnbergÅ.NicholsonN. (2007). The Family Climate Scales: Development of a new measure for use in family business research. Family Business Review, 20, 229-246.
13.
BjörnbergÅ.NicholsonN. (2012). Emotional ownership: The next generation’s relationship with the family firm. Family Business Review, 25, 374-390.
14.
BlieseP. D. (2002). Multilevel random coefficient modeling in organizational research: Examples using SAS and S-PLUS. In DrasgowF.SchmittN. (Eds.), Measuring and analyzing behavior in organizations: Advances in measurement and data analysis (Vol. 5, pp. 362-387). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
15.
BlieseP. D.ChanD.PloyhartR. E. (2007). Multilevel methods: Future directions in measurement, longitudinal analyses, and nonnormal outcomes. Organizational Research Methods, 10, 551-563.
16.
BlieseP. D.PloyhartR. E. (2002). Growth modeling using random coefficient models: Model building, testing, and illustrations. Organizational Research Methods, 5, 362-387.
17.
BlockJ. H.MillerD.WagnerD. (2014). Bayesian methods in family business research. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 5, 97-104.
18.
BlumentrittT. (2006). The relationship between boards and planning in family businesses. Family Business Review, 19, 65-72.
19.
Bowman-UptonN. (1993). Family-owned home-based businesses: An interview with Joanne H. Pratt. Family Business Review, 6, 427-435.
20.
BrighamK. H.LumpkinG. T.PayneG. T.ZacharyM. A. (2014). Researching long-term orientation: A validation study and recommendations for future research. Family Business Review, 27, 72-88.
21.
BrockhausR. H. (2004). Family business succession: Suggestions for future research. Family Business Review, 17, 165-177.
22.
BronnenbergB. J.MelaC. (2004). Market roll-out and retail adoption for new brands of non-durable goods. Marketing Science, 23, 500-518.
23.
BrundePontetS.WroschC.GagneM. (2007). An exploration of the generational differences in levels of control held among family businesses approaching succession. Family Business Review, 20, 337-354.
24.
CarneyM. (2005). Corporate governance and competitive advantage in family-controlled firms. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29, 249-265.
25.
CarneyM.Van EssenM.GedajlovicE. R.HeugensP. P. (2015). What do we know about private family firms? A meta-analytical review. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 39, 513-544.
26.
ChangE. P.MemiliE.ChrismanJ. J.KellermannsF. W.ChuaJ. H. (2009). Family social capital, venture preparedness, and start-up decisions: A study of Hispanic entrepreneurs in New England. Family Business Review, 22, 279-292.
27.
ChauT. T. (1991). Approaches to succession in East Asian business organizations. Family Business Review, 4, 161-179.
28.
ChrismanJ. J.ChuaJ. H.KellermannsF. W.MatherneC. F.DebickiB. J. (2008). Management journals as venues for publication of family business research. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 32, 927-934.
29.
ChrismanJ. J.ChuaJ. H.SharmaP. (1998). Trends and directions in the development of a strategic management theory of the family firm. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29, 555-576.
30.
ChrismanJ. J.ChuaJ. H.SteierL. (2003). An introduction to theories of family business. Journal of Business Venturing, 18, 441-448.
31.
ChrismanJ. J.PatelP. C. (2012). Variations in R&D investments of family and nonfamily firms: Behavioral agency and myopic loss aversion perspectives. Academy of Management Journal, 55, 976-997.
32.
ChrismanJ. J.SharmaP.TaggarS. (2007). Family influences on firms: An introduction. Journal of Business Research, 60, 1005-1011.
33.
ChuaJ. H.ChrismanJ. J.SharmaP. (1999). Defining the family business by behavior. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 23(4), 19-39.
34.
ChuaJ. H.ChrismanJ. J.SteierL. P. (2003). Extending the theoretical horizons of family business research. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 27, 331-338.
35.
ChuaJ. H.ChrismanJ. J.SteierL. P.RauS. B. (2012). Sources of heterogeneity in family firms: An introduction. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36, 1103-1113.
36.
ClaessensS.DjankovS.FanJ. P.LangL. H. (2002). Disentangling the incentive and entrenchment effects of large shareholdings. Journal of Finance, 57, 2741-2771.
37.
CogliserC. C.BrighamK. H. (2004). The intersection of leadership and entrepreneurship: Mutual lessons to be learned. Leadership Quarterly, 15, 771-799.
38.
ColeS. (1983). The hierarchy of the sciences?American Journal of Sociology, 89, 111-139.
39.
ColquittJ. A.Zapata-PhelanC. P. (2007). Trends in theory building and theory testing: A five-decade study of the Academy of Management Journal. Academy of Management Journal, 50, 1281-1303.
40.
CorbettaG.MontemerloD. (1999). Ownership, governance, and management issues in small and medium-size businesses: A comparison of Italy and the United States. Family Business Review, 12, 361-374.
41.
CorrellR. W. (1989). Facing up to moving forward: A third-generation successor’s reflections. Family Business Review, 2, 17-29.
42.
CraigJ. B. L.MooresK. (2006). A 10-year longitudinal investigation of strategy, systems, and environment on innovation in family firms. Family Business Review, 19, 1-10.
43.
DailyC. M.DollingerM. J. (1992). An empirical examination of ownership structure in family and professionally managed firms. Family Business Review, 5, 117-136.
44.
DawsonA. (2011). Private equity investment decisions in family firms: The role of human resources and agency costs. Journal of Business Venturing, 26, 189-199.
45.
DeanM. A.ShookC. L.PayneG. T. (2007). The past, present, and future of entrepreneurship research: Data analytic trends and training. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31, 601-618.
46.
DebickiB.MatherneC.KellermannsF.ChrismanJ. (2009). Family business research in the new millennium. Family Business Review, 22, 151-166.
47.
DekkerJ. C.LybaertN.SteijversT.DepaireB.MerckenR. (2013). Family firm types based on the professionalization construct: Exploratory research. Family Business Review, 26, 81-99.
48.
De MassisA.ChiricoF.KotlarJ.NaldiL. (2014). The temporal evolution of proactiveness in family firms: The horizontal s-curve hypothesis. Family Business Review, 27, 35-50.
49.
De MassisA.ChuaJ. H.ChrismanJ. J. (2008). Factors preventing intra-family succession. Family Business Review, 21, 183-199.
50.
DistelbergB. J.BlowA. (2011). Variations in family system boundaries. Family Business Review, 24, 28-46.
51.
DonckelsR.FröhlichE. (1991). Are family businesses really different? European experiences from STRATOS. Family Business Review, 4, 149-160.
52.
DouJ.ZhangZ.SuE. (2014). Does family involvement make firms donate more? Empirical evidence from Chinese private firms. Family Business Review, 27, 259-274.
53.
DroverW.WoodM. S.PayneG. T. (2014). The effects of perceived control on venture capitalist investment decisions: A configurational perspective. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38, 833-861.
54.
DyerW. G.DyerW. J. (2009). Putting the family into family business research. Family Business Review, 22, 216-219.
55.
DyerW. G.SanchezM. (1998). Current state of family business theory and practice as reflected in Family Business Review 1988-1997. Family Business Review, 11, 287-295.
56.
DyerW. G.WhettenD. A. (2006). Family firms and social responsibility: Preliminary evidence from the S&P 500. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30, 785-802.
57.
EddlestonK. A.KellermannsF. W.FloydS. W.CrittendenV. L.CrittendenW. F. (2013). Planning for growth: Life stage differences in family firms. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37, 1177-1202.
58.
Fahed-SreihJ.DjoundourianS. (2006). Determinants of longevity and success in Lebanese family businesses: An exploratory study. Family Business Review, 19, 225-234.
59.
GagneM.WroschC.BrundePontetS. (2011). Retiring from the family business: The role of goal adjustment capacities. Family Business Review, 24, 292-304.
60.
Garcia-AlvarezE.Lopez-SintasJ.GonzalvoP. S. (2002). Socialization patterns of successors in first- to second-generation family businesses. Family Business Review, 15, 189-203.
61.
GephartR. P. (2004). Qualitative research and the Academy of Management Journal. Academy of Management Journal, 47, 454-462.
62.
GoldenB. (1992). The past is the past—Or is it? The use of retrospective accounts as indicators of past strategy. Academy of Management Journal, 35, 848-860.
63.
GudmundsonD.HartmanE. A.TowerC. B. (1999). Strategic orientation: Differences between family and nonfamily firms. Family Business Review, 12, 27-39.
64.
GuptaV.LevenburgN. (2010). A thematic analysis of cultural variations in family businesses: The CASE project. Family Business Review, 23, 155-169.
65.
HabbershonT. G.WilliamsM. L. (1999). A resource-based framework for assessing the strategic advantages of family firms. Family Business Review, 12, 1-25.
66.
HabbershonT. G.WilliamsM.MacMillanI. C. (2003). A unified systems perspective of family firm performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 18, 451-465.
67.
HambrickD. C.ChenM.-J. (2008). New academic fields as admittance-seeking movements: The case of strategic management. Academy of Management Review, 33, 32-54.
68.
HandlerW. C. (1992). The succession experience of the next generation. Family Business Review, 5, 283-307.
69.
HandlerW. C. (1994). Succession in family business: A review of the research. Family Business Review, 7, 133-157.
70.
HandlerW. C.KramK. E. (1988). Succession in family firms: The problem of resistance. Family Business Review, 1, 361-381.
71.
HarrisonR.LeitchC. (1996). Discipline emergence in entrepreneurship: Accumulative fragmentalism or paradigmatic science. Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Change, 5(2), 65-83.
72.
HatumA.PettigrewA. (2004). Adaptation under environmental turmoil: Organizational flexibility in family-owned firms. Family Business Review, 17, 237-258.
73.
HeckR. K. Z.MishraC. S. (2008). Family entrepreneurship. Journal of Small Business Management, 46, 313-316.
74.
HerreroI. (2011). Agency costs, family ties, and firm efficiency. Journal of Management, 37, 887-904.
75.
HillerN.DeChurchL.MuraseT.DotyD. (2011). Searching for outcomes of leadership: A 25-year review. Journal of Management, 37, 1137-1177.
76.
HittM. A.BeamishP. W.JacksonS. E.MathieuJ. E. (2007). Building theoretical and empirical bridges across levels: Multilevel research in management. Academy of Management Journal, 50, 1385-1399.
77.
HoltD. T.RutherfordM. W.KuratkoD. F. (2010). Advancing the field of family business research: Further testing the measurement properties of the F-PEC. Family Business Review, 23, 76-88.
78.
HunterJ. E.SchmidtF. L. (2004). Methods of meta-analysis: Correcting error and bias in research findings. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
79.
HuybrechtsJ.VoordeckersW.LybaertN. (2012). Entrepreneurial risk taking of private family firms: The influence of a nonfamily CEO and the moderating effect of CEO tenure. Family Business Review, 26, 161-179.
80.
JickT. D. (1979). Mixing qualitative and quantitative methods: Triangulation in action. Administrative Science Quarterly, 24, 602-611.
81.
JohnsonM. D.HolleyE. C.MorgesonF. P.LaBonarD.StetzerA. (2014). Outcomes of absence control initiatives: A quasi-experimental investigation into the effects of policy and perceptions. Journal of Management, 40, 1075-1097.
82.
KahnJ. A.HendersonD. A. (1992). Location preferences of family firms: Strategic decision making or “home sweet home”?Family Business Review, 5, 271-282.
83.
KellyL. M.AthanassiouN.CrittendenW. F. (2000). Founder centrality and strategic behavior in the family-owned firm. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 25(2), 27-42.
84.
KhaninD.TurelO.MahtoR. V. (2012). How to increase job satisfaction and reduce turnover intentions in the family firm: The family-business embeddedness perspective. Family Business Review, 25, 391-408.
85.
KleinK. J.TosiH.CannellaA. A. (1999). Multilevel theory building: Benefits, barriers, and new developments. Academy of Management Review, 24, 243-248.
86.
KleinS. B.AstrachanJ. H.SmyrniosK. X. (2005). The F-PEC scale of family influence: Construction, validation, and further implication for theory. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29, 321-339.
87.
KoiranenM. (2002). Over 100 years of age but still entrepreneurially active in business: Exploring the values and family characteristics of old Finnish family firms. Family Business Review, 15, 175-187.
88.
KoroppC.KellermannsF. W.GrichnikD.StanleyL. (2014). Financial decision making in family firms: An adaptation of the theory of planned behavior. Family Business Review, 27, 307-327.
89.
KotlarJ.De MassisA. (2013). Goal setting in family firms: Goal diversity, social interactions, and collective commitment to family-centered goals. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37, 1263-1288.
90.
KowalewskiO.TalaveraO.StetsyukI. (2010). Influence of family involvement in management ownership on firm performance: Evidence from Poland. Family Business Review, 23, 45-59.
91.
KozlowskiS. W. J.KleinK. J. (2000). A multilevel approach to theory and research in organizations: Contextual, temporal, and emergent processes. In KleinK. J.KozlowskiS. W. J. (Eds.), Multilevel theory, research and methods in organizations: Foundations, extensions, and new directions (pp. 3-90). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
92.
LambrechtJ. (2005). Multigenerational transition in family businesses: A new explanatory model. Family Business Review, 18, 267-282.
93.
LankA. G. (1991). Challenging times for European family enterprises. Family Business Review, 4, 121-125.
94.
LaspitaS.BreugstN.HeblichS.PatzeltH. (2012). Intergenerational transmission of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 27, 414-435.
95.
Le Breton-MillerI.MillerD.SteierI. (2004). Toward an integrative model of effective FOB succession. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 28, 305-328.
96.
LittunenH. (2003). Management capabilities and environmental characteristics in the critical operational phase of entrepreneurship: A comparison of Finnish family and nonfamily firms. Family Business Review, 16, 183-197.
97.
LitzR. A.PearsonA.LitchfieldS. (2012). Charting the future of family business research: Perspectives from the field. Family Business Review, 25, 16-32.
98.
LohrkeF. T.HollowayB. B.WoolleyT. W. (2010). Conjoint analysis in entrepreneurship research: A review and research agenda. Organizational Research Methods, 13, 16-30.
99.
LungeanuR.WardJ. L. (2012). A governance-based typology of family foundations: The effect of generation stage and governance structure on family philanthropic activities. Family Business Review, 25, 409-424.
100.
MarquesP.PresasP.SimonA. (2014). The heterogeneity of family firms in CSR engagement: The role of values. Family Business Review, 27, 206-227.
101.
MarshallJ. P.SorensonR.BrighamK.WielingE.ReifmanA.WamplerR. S. (2006). The paradox for the family firm CEO: Owner age relationship to succession-related processes and plans. Journal of Business Venturing, 21, 348-368.
102.
MauleA. J.HodgkinsonG. P. (2002). Heuristics, biases and strategic decision making. Psychologist, 15, 68-71.
103.
McCollomM. (1988). Integration in the family firm: When the family system replaces controls and culture. Family Business Review, 1, 399-417.
104.
McGrathJ. E.BrindbergD. (1984). Alternative paths for research: Another view of the basic vs. applied distinction. In OskampS. (Ed.), Applied social psychology annual (Vol. 5, pp. 109-129). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
105.
McKennyA. F.ShortJ. C.ZacharyM. A.PayneG. T. (2011). Assessing espoused goals in private family firms using content analysis. Family Business Review, 25, 298-317.
106.
McKennyA. F.PayneG. T.ZacharyM. A.ShortJ. C. (2014). Multilevel analysis in family business studies. In MelinL.NordqvistM.SharmaP. (Eds.), SAGE handbook of family business (pp. 594-608). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
107.
McLeodM. S.PayneG. T.EvertR. E. (2014). Organizational ethics research: A systematic review of methods and analytical techniques. Journal of Business Ethics. Advance online publication. doi:10.1007/s10551-014-2436-9
108.
MelinL.NordqvistM.SharmaP. (Eds.). (2014). SAGE handbook of family business. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
109.
MicelottaE. R.RaynardM. (2011). Concealing or revealing the family? Corporate brand identity strategies in family firms. Family Business Review, 24, 197-216.
110.
Michael-TsabariN.LabakiR.ZacharyR. K. (2014). Toward the cluster model: The family firm’s entrepreneurial behavior over generations. Family Business Review, 27, 161-185.
111.
MilesR. E.SnowC. C. (1978). Organizational strategy, structure, and process. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
112.
MillerD.Le Breton-MillerI.LesterR. H.CannellaA. A. (2007). Are family firms really superior performers?Journal of Corporate Finance, 13, 829-858.
113.
MillerD.MinichilliA.CorbettaG. (2013). Is family leadership always beneficial?Strategic Management Journal, 34, 553-571.
114.
MinichilliA.NordqvistM.CorbettaG.AmoreM. D. (2014). CEO succession mechanisms, organizational context, and performance: A socio-emotional wealth perspective on family-controlled firms. Journal of Management Studies, 51, 1153-1179.
115.
MollyV.LaverenE.DeloofM. (2010). Family business succession and its impact on financial structure and performance. Family Business Review, 23, 131-147.
116.
MorckR.YeungB. (2004). Family control and the rent seeking society. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 28, 391-409.
117.
MorrisM. H.AllenJ. A.KuratkoD. F.BrannonD. (2010). Experiencing family business creation: Differences between founders, nonfamily managers, and founders of family firms. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 34, 1057-1084.
118.
MossT. W.PayneG. T.MooreC. B. (2014). Strategic consistency of exploration and exploitation in family businesses. Family Business Review, 27, 51-71.
119.
MurrayB. (2003). The succession transition process: A longitudinal perspective. Family Business Review, 16, 17-33.
120.
MuskeG.FitzgeraldM. A. (2006). A panel study of copreneurs in business: Who enters, continues, and exits?Family Business Review, 19, 193-205.
121.
MustakallioM.AutioE.ZahraS. A. (2002). Relational and contractual governance in family firms: Effects on strategic decision making. Family Business Review, 15, 205-222.
122.
NaldiL.NordqvistM.SjöbergK.WiklundJ. (2007). Entrepreneurial orientation, risk taking, and performance in family firms. Family Business Review, 20, 33-47.
123.
NeubauerF.LankA. G. (1998). The family business. London, England: MacMillan Business.
124.
O’BoyleE. H.PollackJ. M.RutherfordM. W. (2012). Exploring the relation between family involvement and firms’ financial performance: A meta-analysis of main and moderator effects. Journal of Business Venturing, 27, 1-18.
125.
OlsonP. D.ZuikerV. S.DanesS. M.StaffordK.HeckR. K.DuncanK. A. (2003). The impact of the family and the business on family business sustainability. Journal of Business Venturing, 18, 639-666.
126.
PayneG. T.BrighamK. H.BrobergJ. C.MossT. W.ShortJ. C. (2011). Organizational virtue orientation and family firms. Business Ethics Quarterly, 21, 257-285.
127.
PayneG. T.MooreC. B.GriffisS. E.AutryC. W. (2011). Multilevel challenges and opportunities in social capital research. Journal of Management, 37, 491-520.
128.
PearsonA. W.HoltD. T.CarrJ. C. (2014). Scales in family business studies. In MelinL.NordqvistM.SharmaP. (Eds.), SAGE handbook of family business (pp. 551-572). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
129.
PfefferJ. (1993). Barriers to advance of organizational science: Paradigm development as a dependent variable. Academy of Management Review, 18, 599-620.
130.
PrattM. G. (2009). From the editors: For the lack of a boilerplate: Tips on writing up (and reviewing) qualitative research. Academy of Management Journal, 52, 856-862.
131.
ReayT. (2014). Publishing qualitative research. Family Business Review, 27, 95-102.
132.
ReayT.ZhangZ. (2014). Qualitative methods in family business research. In MelinL.NordqvistM.SharmaP. (Eds.), SAGE handbook of family business (pp. 573-593). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
133.
ReichersA. E.SchneiderB. (1990). Climate and culture: An evolution of constructs. In SchneiderB. (Ed.), Organizational climate and culture (pp. 5-27). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
134.
RogoffE. G.HeckR. K. Z. (2003). Evolving research in entrepreneurship and family business: Recognizing family as the oxygen that feeds the fire of entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 18, 559-688.
135.
RomanoC. A.TanewskiG. A.SmyrniosK. X. (2001). Capital structure decision making: A model for family business. Journal of Business Venturing, 16, 285-310.
136.
RoyerS.SimonsR.BoydB.RaffertyA. (2008). Promoting family: A contingency model of family business succession. Family Business Review, 21, 15-30.
137.
RutherfordM. W.KuratkoD. F.HoltD. T. (2008). Examining the link between “familiness” and performance. Can the F-PEC untangle the family business theory of the jungle?Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 32, 1089-1109.
138.
SackettP. R.LarsonJ. R. (1990). Research strategies and tactics in industrial and organizational psychology. In DunnetteM. D.HoughL. M. (Eds.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 419-489). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
139.
Sacristan-NavarroM.Gomez-AnsonS.Cabeza-GarciaL. (2011). Large shareholders’ combinations in family firms: Prevalence and performance effects. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 2, 101-112.
140.
SalvatoC.CorbettaG. (2013). Transitional leadership of advisors as a facilitator of successors’ leadership construction. Family Business Review, 26, 235-255.
141.
SchriesheimC. A.PowersK. J.ScanduraT. A.GardinerC. C.LankauM. J. (1993). Improving construct measurement in management research: Comments and a quantitative approach for assessing the theoretical adequacy of paper-and-pencil and survey-type instruments. Journal of Management, 19, 385-417.
142.
SchröderE.Schmitt-RodermundE.ArnaudN. (2011). Career intentions of adolescents with a family business background. Family Business Review, 24, 305-321.
143.
SharmaP. (2004). An overview of the field of family business studies: Current status and directions for the future. Family Business Review, 17, 1-36.
144.
SharmaP. (2009). Embracing change while preserving the core. Family Business Review, 22, 6-8.
145.
SharmaP. (2015). Editor’s notes: 2014—A year in review. Family Business Review, 28, 4-9.
146.
SharmaP.ChrismanJ. J.ChuaJ. H. (2003). Succession planning as planned behavior: Some empirical results. Family Business Review, 16, 1-15.
147.
SharmaP.ChrismanJ. J.GersickK. E. (2012). 25 years of Family Business Review: Reflections on the past and perspectives for the future. Family Business Review, 25, 5-15.
148.
SharmaP.HoyF.AstrachanJ. H.KoiranenM. (2007). The practice driven evolution of family business education. Journal of Business Research, 60, 1012-1021.
149.
SharmaP.SalvatoC.ReayT. (2014). Temporal dimensions of family enterprise research. Family Business Review, 27, 10-19.
150.
ShepherdD. A.ZacharakisA. (1999). Conjoint analysis: A new methodological approach for researching the decision policies of venture capitalists. Venture Capital: An International Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance, 1, 197-217.
151.
ShepherdD. A.ZacharakisA. (2000). Structuring family business succession: An analysis of the future leader’s decision making. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 24(4), 25-40.
152.
ShookC. L.KetchenD. J.CycyotaC. S.CrockettD. (2003). Data analytic trends and training in strategic management. Strategic Management Journal, 24, 1231-1237.
153.
ShortJ. C.PayneG. T.KetchenD. J. (2008). Research on organizational configurations: Past accomplishments and future challenges. Journal of Management, 34, 1053-1079.
154.
SingerJ. D.WillettJ. B. (2003). Applied longitudinal data analysis: Modeling change and event occurrence. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
155.
SmyrniosK.TanewskiG.RomanoC. (1998). Development of a measure of the characteristics of family business. Family Business Review, 11, 49-60.
156.
SmyrniosK. X.RomanoC. A.TanewskiG. A.KarofskyP. I.MillenR.YilmazM. R. (2003). Work-family conflict: A study of American and Australian family businesses. Family Business Review, 16, 35-51.
157.
SonfieldM. C.LussierR. N. (2004). First-, second-, and third-generation family firms: A comparison. Family Business Review, 17, 189-202.
158.
SteijversT.VoordeckersW. (2009). Private family ownership and the agency costs of debt. Family Business Review, 22, 333-346.
159.
StewartA. (2014). The anthropology of family business: An imagined ideal. In MelinL.NordqvistM.SharmaP. (Eds.), SAGE handbook of family business (pp. 66-82). Thousand Oaks: Sage.
160.
StewartA.MinerA. S. (2011). The prospects for family business in research universities. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 2, 3-14.
161.
Stone-RomeroE. F.WeaverA. E.GlenarJ. L. (1995). Trends in research design and data analytic strategies in organizational research. Journal of Management, 21, 141-157.
162.
TagiuriR.DavisJ. (1996). Bivalent attributes of the family firm. Family Business Review, 9, 199-208.
163.
VeraC. F.DeanM. A. (2005). An examination of the challenges daughters face in family business succession. Family Business Review, 18, 321-345.
164.
VillalongaB.AmitR. (2006). How do family ownership, control and management affect firm value?Journal of Financial Economics, 80, 385-417.
165.
von SchlippeA.SchneewindK. A. (2014). Theories from family psychology and family therapy. In SharmaP.MelinL.NordqvistM. (Eds.), SAGE handbook of family business (pp. 47-65). London, England: Sage.
166.
WardJ. L. (1987). Keeping the family business healthy. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
167.
WestheadP.CowlingM. (1998). Family firm research: The need for a methodological rethink. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 23(1), 31-56.
168.
WiklundJ.NordqvistM.HellerstedtK.BirdM. (2013). Internal versus external ownership transition in family firms: An embeddedness perspective. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37, 1319-1340.
169.
WilsonN.WrightM.ScholesL. (2013). Family business survival and the role of boards. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37, 1369-1389.
170.
WilsonS. R.WhitmoyerJ. G.PieperT. M.AstrachanJ. H.HairJ. F.SarstedtM. (2014). Method trends and method needs: Examining methods needed for accelerating the field. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 5, 4-14.
171.
WintokiM. B.LinckJ. S.NetterJ. M. (2012). Endogeneity and the dynamics of internal corporate governance. Journal of Financial Economics, 105, 581-606.
172.
WortmanM. S. (1994). Theoretical foundations for family-owned business: A conceptual and research-based paradigm. Family Business Review, 7, 3-27.
173.
YuA.LumpkinG. T.SorensonR. L.BrighamK. H. (2012). The landscape of family business outcomes: A summary and numerical taxonomy of dependent variables. Family Business Review, 25, 33-57.
174.
ZahraS. A.SharmaP. (2004). Family business research: A strategic reflection. Family Business Review, 17, 331-346.
175.
ZellwegerT. M.KellermannsF. W.ChrismanJ. J.ChuaJ. H. (2012). Family control and family firm valuation by family CEOs: The importance of intentions for transgenerational control. Organization Science, 23, 851-868.
Supplementary Material
Please find the following supplemental material available below.
For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.
For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.
