Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

The authors compared breastfeeding and expression characteristics in 30 mothers of exclusively breastfeeding, healthy term infants. Mean (± SD)volume per breastfeed from one breast was 71.8 ± 26.3 mL, and mean duration per breastfeed for one breastwas 16.6 ± 10.5 minutes. Mean volume of milk expressed in 5 minutes from one breast was 60.6 ± 39.0 mL and corresponded to the expression of 99.4 ± 82.6% of the milk stored in the breast. The rate of milk expression differed greatly between mothers (P = .0001)b ut remained constant for the first 2.5 minutes before decreasing with time (P = .0001). These results show the mean breastfeed volumewas similar to the volume of milk expressed in a 5-minute period. Furthermore, this study is the first to establish protocols that allow for the objective determination of breast pump efficacy.

Keywords

breast milk expression electric breast pump breastfeeding breast pump efficacy

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Groh-Wargo S , Toth A , Mahoney K , Simonian S , Wasser T , Rose S . The utility of a bilateral breast pumping system for mothers of premature infants. Neonatal Network. 1995;14:31-36.

American Academy of Pediatrics . Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics. 1997;100:1035-1039.

Schanler RJ , Hurst NM , Lau C . The use of human milk and breastfeeding in premature infants. Clin Perinatol. 1999;26:379-398.

Zinn B . Supporting the employed breastfeeding mother. J Midwifery Women’s Health. 2000;45:216-226.

Thiel CC . Foreword. In: Bramley AJ , Dodd FH , Mein GA , Bramley JA , eds. Machine Milking and Lactation. Newbury, Berkshire, UK: Insight Books; 1992:ix-x.

Biancuzzo M . Selecting pumps for breastfeeding mothers. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 1999;28:417-426.

Tibbetts E , Cadwell K . Selecting the right breast pump. Am J Maternal Child Nurs. 1980;5:262-264.

Arthur PG , Hartmann PE , Smith M . Measurement of the milk intake of breast-fed infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1987;6:758-763.

Fleet IR , Linzell JL . A rapid method of estimating fat in very small quantities of milk. J Physiol. 1964;175:15-17.

10.

Lucas A , Gibbs JAH , Lyster JLJ , Baum JD . Creamatocrit: simple clinical technique for estimating fat concentration and energy value of human milk. Br Med J. 1978;14:111-114.

11.

Stern I , Shapiro B . A rapid and simple method for the determination of esterified fatty acids and for total fatty acids in blood. J Clin Pathol. 1953;6:158-158.

12.

Atwood CS , Hartmann PE . Collection of fore and hind milk from the sow and the changes in milk composition during suckling. J Dairy Res. 1992;59:287-298.

13.

Cox DB , Owens RA , Hartmann PE . Blood and milk prolactin and the rate of milk synthesis in women. Exp Physiol. 1996;81:1007-1020.

14.

Daly SEJ , Di Rosso A , Owens RA , Hartmann PE . Degree of breast emptying explains changes in the fat content, but not fatty acid composition, of human milk. Exp Physiol. 1993;78:741-755.

15.

Kent JC , Mitoulas LR , Cox DB , Owens RA , Hartmann PE . Breast volume and milk production during extended lactation in women. Exp Physiol. 1999;84:435-447.

16.

Woodrough RE . Medical Infra-Red Thermography: Principles and Practice. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 1982.

17.

Green D , Moye L , Schreiner RL , Lemons JA . The relative efficacy of four methods of human milk expression. Early Hum Dev. 1982;6:153-159.

18.

Boutte CA , Garza C , Fraley JK , Stuff JE , Smith EO . Comparison of hand- and electric-operated breast pumps. Hum Nutr. 1985;39:426-430.

19.

Daly SEJ , Kent JC , Huynh DQ , et al. The determination of short-term breast volume changes and the rate of synthesis of human milk using computerised breast measurement. Exp Physiol. 1992;77:79-87.

20.

Daly SEJ , Owens RA , Hartmann PE . The short-term synthesis and infant-regulated removal of milk in lactating women. Exp Physiol. 1993;78:209-220.

21.

Jones E , Dimmock PW , Spencer SA . A randomised controlled trial to compare methods of milk expression after preterm delivery. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2001;85:F91-F95.

22.

Zoppou C , Barry SI , Mercer GN . Dynamics of human milk extraction: a comparative study of breast feeding and breast pumping. Bull Math Biol. 1997;59:953-973.

23.

Egnell E . The mechanics of different methods of emptying the female breast. J Swed Med Assoc. 1956;40:1-8.

Efficacy of Breast Milk Expression Using an Electric Breast Pump

Abstract

Keywords

Get full access to this article

References