The Intergenerational Transmission of Family Conflict on Children’s Aggression: The Compensatory Effect of Positive Parenting

Achenbach T. M (1991). Integrative guide to the 1991 CBCL/4-18, YSR, and TRF profiles: University of Vermont, Department of Psychology.

Aguilar B. O'Brien K. M. August G. J. Aoun S. L. Hektner J. M. (2001). Relationship quality of aggressive children and their siblings: A multiinformant, multimeasure investigation. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 29(6), 479–489. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012273024211

Anderson L. A. (2019). Rethinking resilience theory in African American families: Fostering positive adaptations and transformative social justice. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 11(3), 385–397. . https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12343

Bandura A. (1978). Social learning theory of aggression. Journal of Communication, 28(3), 12–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1978.tb01621.x

Batista M. J. Lawrence H. P. Sousa M. d. L. R. d. (2017). Oral health literacy and oral health outcomes in an adult population in Brazil. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 60. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4443-0.

Beauvais F. Oetting E. R. (2002). Drug use, resilience, and the myth of the golden child. In Glantz M. D. Johnson J. L. (Eds), Resilience and Development: Positive Life Adaptations (pp. 101–107). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47167-1_5

Belsky J. (1980). Child maltreatment: An ecological integration. American Psychologist, 35(4), 320–335. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066x.35.4.320

Bozzay ML Joy LN Verona E (2020). Family violence pathways and externalizing behavior in youth. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 35(23–24), 5726–5752. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260517724251

Bronfenbrenner U. (1986). Ecology of the family as a context for human development: Research perspectives. Developmental Psychology, 22(6), 723–742. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.22.6.723

Bronfenbrenner U. Morris P. A. (2006). The bioecological model of human development. In Damon W. Learner R. M. (Eds), Handbook of Child Psychology Volume One: Theoretical Models of Human Development (6th ed., pp. 793–828). John Wiley & Sons.

Brooks L. J. Haskins D. G. Kehe J. V. (2004). Counseling and psychotherapy with African American clients. In Smith T. B. (Ed), Practicing multiculturalism: Affirming diversity in counseling and psychology (pp. 145–166). Allyn & Bacon.

Chen F. R. Raine A. (2018). Effects of harsh parenting and positive parenting practices on youth aggressive behavior: The moderating role of early pubertal timing. Aggressive Behavior, 44(1), 18–28. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21720

Conger R. D. Neppl T. Kim K. J. Scaramella L. (2003). Angry and aggressive behavior across three generations: A prospective, longitudinal study of parents and children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 31(2), 143–160. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1022570107457

Conger R. D. Wallace L. E. Sun Y. Simons R. L. McLoyd V. C. Brody G. H. (2002). Economic pressure in African American families: A replication and extension of the family stress model. Developmental Psychology, 38(2), 179–193. https://doi.org/10.1037//0012-1649.38.2.179

Crewe S. (2003). Elderly African American grandparent caregivers: Eliminating double jeopardy in social policy. In Bent-Goodley T. (Ed), African American perspectives of social welfare policy (pp. 35–54). Haworth Press.

Cummings E. M. Goeke-Morey M. C. Papp L. M. (2004). Everyday marital conflict and child aggression. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 32(2), 191–202. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JACP.0000019770.13216.be

Cummings E. M. Koss K. J. Davies P. T. (2015). Prospective relations between family conflict and adolescent maladjustment: Security in the family system as a mediating process. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 43(3), 503–515. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-014-9926-1

Davidson T. M. Cardemil E. V. (2009). Parent-child communication and parental involvement in Latino adolescents. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 29(1), 99–121. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431608324480.

David C. Steele R. Forehand R. Armistead L. (1996). The role of family conflict and marital conflict in adolescent functioning. Journal of Family Violence, 11(1), 81–91. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02333341

DiStefano C. Morgan G. B. (2014). A comparison of diagonal weighted least squares robust estimation techniques for ordinal data. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 21(3), 425–438. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2014.915373

Doumas D. Margolin G. John R. S. (1994). The intergenerational transmission of aggression across three generations. Journal of Family Violence, 9(2), 157–175.

Dunifon R. (2013). The influence of grandparents on the lives of children and adolescents. Child Development Perspectives, 7(1), 55–60. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12016

Edleson J. L. (1999). Children's witnessing of adult domestic violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 14(8), 839-870. https://doi.org/10.1177/088626099014008004

Evans S. E. Davies C. DiLillo D. (2008). Exposure to domestic violence: A meta-analysis of child and adolescent outcomes. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 13(2), 131–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2008.02.005

Fergus S. Zimmerman M. A. (2005). Adolescent resilience: A framework for understanding healthy development in the face of risk. Annual Review of Public Health, 26, 399-419. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144357.

Fong V. C. Hawes D. Allen J. L. (2019). A systematic review of risk and protective factors for externalizing problems in children exposed to intimate partner violence. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 20(2), 149–167. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838017692383

Garcia P. R. J. M. Restubog S. L. D. Kiewitz C. Scott K. L. Tang R. L. (2014). Roots run deep: Investigating psychological mechanisms between history of family aggression and abusive supervision. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(5), 883-897. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036463

Gaylord-Harden N. K. Burrow A. L. Cunningham J. A. (2012). A cultural-asset framework for investigating successful adaptation to stress in African American youth. Child Development Perspectives, 6(3), 264–271. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-8606.2012.00236.x

Glaser B. A. Horne A. M. Myers L. L. (1995). A cross-validation of the parent perception inventory. Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 17(1), 21–34. https://doi.org/10.1300/J019v17n01_02

Greeson M. R. Kennedy A. C. Bybee D. I. Beeble M. Adams A. E. Sulivan C. (2014). Beyond deficits: intimate partner violence, maternal parenting, and child behavior over time. Am J Community Psychol, 54(1-2), 46-58. DOI:10.1007/s10464-014-9658-y.

Groeneveld R. A. Meeden G. (1984). Measuring skewness and kurtosis. The Statistician, 33(4), 391–399. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/2987742

Gustafsson H. C. Cox M. J. Cox M. J. Blair C. (2012). Maternal parenting as a mediator of the relationship between intimate partner violence and effortful control. Journal of Family Psychology, 26(1), 115–123. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026283

Hamilton-Mason J. Hall J. C. Everett J. E. (2009). And some of us are braver: stress and coping among African American women. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 19(5), 463–482. https://doi.org/10.1080/10911350902832142

Heinze J. E. Hsieh H. F. Aiyer S. M. Buu A. Zimmerman M. A. (2020). Adolescent family conflict as a predictor of relationship quality in emerging adulthood. Family Relations, 69(5), 996–1011. https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12493

Hu S.-C. Lanese R. R. (1998). The applicability of the theory of planned behavior to the intention to quit smoking across workplaces in southern Taiwan. Addictive Behaviors, 23(2), 225-237. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4603(97)00045-2.

Jaycox L. H. Repetti R. L. (1993). Conflict in families and the psychological adjustment of preadolescent children. Journal of Family Psychology, 7(3), 344–355.

Jeon S. Neppl T. K. (2019). Economic pressure, parent positivity, positive parenting, and child social competence. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28(5), 1402–1412. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01372-1

Kelleher K. J. Hazen A. L. Coben J. H. Wang Y. McGeehan J. Kohl P. L. Gardner W. P. (2008). 2008Self-reported disciplinary practices among women in the child welfare system: Association with domestic violence victimization. Child Abuse & Neglect, 32(8), 811–818. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.12.004

Kimball E. (2015). Edleson revisited: reviewing children's witnessing of domestic violence 15 Years later. Journal of Family Violence, 31(5), 625–637. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-015-9786-7

Kim H. K. Capaldi D. M. Pears K. C. Kerr D. C. R. Owen L. D. (2009). Intergenerational transmission of internalising and externalising behaviours across three generations: Gender-specific pathways. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 19(2), 125–141. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbm.708

Kim M.-J. Doh H.-S. Hong J. S. Choi M.-K. (2011). Social skills training and parent education programs for aggressive preschoolers and their parents in South Korea. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(6), 838–845. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2010.12.001

Kingsbury M. Sucha E. Manion I. Gilman S. E. Colman I. (2019). Adolescent mental health following exposure to positive and harsh parenting in childhood. Can J Psychiatry, 65(6), 392–400. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743719889551.

Knox M. Burkhart K. Cromly A. (2013). Supporting positive parenting in community health centers: The ACT raising safe kids Program. Journal of Community Psychology, 41(4), 395–407. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.21543

Labella M. H. Masten A. S. (2018). Family influences on the development of aggression and violence. Current Opinion in Psychology, 19, 11-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.03.028.

Ladd G. W. Burgess K. B. (2001). Do relational risks and protective factors moderate the linkages between childhood aggression and early psychological and school adjustment? Child Development, 72(5), 1579–1601. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00366

Landor A. M. McNeil Smith S. (2019). Skin-tone trauma: Historical and contemporary influences on the health and interpersonal outcomes of African Americans. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 14(5), 797–815. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691619851781.

Landor A. M. Simons L. G. Simons R. L. Brody G. H. Bryant C. M. Gibbons F. X. (2013). Exploring the impact of skin tone on family dynamics and race-related outcomes. Journal of Family Psychology, 27(5), 817–826. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033883

Letourneau N. L. Fedick C. B. Willms J. D. (2007). Mothering and domestic violence: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Family Violence, 22(8), 649–659. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-007-9099-6

Levendosky A. A. Huth-Bocks A. C. Shapiro D. L. Semel M. A. (2003). The impact of domestic violence on the maternal-child relationship and preschool-age children's functioning. Journal of Family Psychology, 17(3), 275-287. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.17.3.275.

Little T. D. (2013). Longitudinal structural equation modeling. Guilford Press. https://www.guilford.com/books/Longitudinal-Structural-Equation-Modeling/Todd-Little/9781462510160

Margolin G. Ramos M. C. Timmons A. C. Miller K. F. Han S. C. (2016). Intergenerational transmission of aggression: physiological regulatory processes. Child Development Perspectives, 10(1), 15–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12156

Marta E. Alfieri S. (2014). Family conflicts. In Michalos A. C. (Ed), Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research (pp. 2164–2167). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_997

Masten A. S. Monn A. R. (2015). Child and family resilience: A call for integrated science, practice, and professional training. Family Relations, 64(1), 5–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12103

McNeil Smith S. Landor A. M. (2018). Toward a better understanding of African American families: Development of the sociocultural family stress model. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 10(2), 434–450. https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12260

Minkler M. Fuller-Thomson E. (2005). African American grandparents raising grandchildren: A national study using the census 2000 American community survey. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 60(2), S82–S92. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/60.2.S82

Moos R. H. Moos B. S. (1987). Family environment scale. In Sherman R. Fredman N. (Eds), Handbook of measurements for marriage and family therapy (pp. 82–86). Brunner/Mazel, Inc.

Moretti M. M. Obsuth I. Odgers C. L. Reebye P. (2006). Exposure to maternal vs. paternal partner violence, PTSD, and aggression in adolescent girls and boys. Aggressive Behavior, 32(4), 385–395. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.20137

Muthen L. K. Muthén B. O. (1998-2017). MPlus user ’ s guide.Eighth version. Muthén & Muthén. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01711.x

Ostaszewski K Zimmerman MA (2006). The effects of cumulative risks and promotive factors on urban adolescent alcohol and other drug use: A longitudinal study of resiliency. American Journal of Community Psychology, 38(3-4), 237-249. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-006-9076-x

Persram R. J. Scirocco A. Della Porta S. Howe N. (2019). Moving beyond the dyad: Broadening our understanding of family conflict. Human Development, 63(1), 38–70. https://doi.org/10.1159/000501880

Preacher K. J. Zyphur M. J. Zhang Z. (2010). A general multilevel SEM framework for assessing multilevel mediation. Psychological Methods, 15(3), 209–233. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020141

Ramos M. C. Guerin D. W. Gottfried A. W. Bathurst K. Oliver P. H. (2005). Family conflict and childrenʼs behavior problems: The moderating role of child temperament. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 12(2), 278–298. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15328007sem1202_6

Rudolph K. D. Clark A. G. (2001). Conceptions of relationships in children with depressive and aggressive symptoms: social-cognitive distortion or reality? Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 29(1), 41–56. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005299429060

Salem D. A. Zimmerman M. A. Notaro P. C. (1998). Effects of family structure, family process, and father involvement on psychosocial outcomes among African American adolescents. Family Relations, 47, 331-341

Seay A. Freysteinson W. M. McFarlane J. (2014). Positive parenting. Nursing Forum, 49(3), 200-208. https://doi.org/10.1111/nuf.12093

Streit C. Carlo G. Ispa J. M. Palermo F. (2020). Direct and indirect relations between family conflict and youth's later behavioral outcomes. Social Development. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12483

Tanaka A. Raishevich N. Scarpa A. (2010). Family conflict and childhood aggression: The role of child anxiety. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 25(11), 2127–2143. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260509354516

Temcheff C. E. Serbin L. A. Martin-Storey A. Stack D. M. Hodgins S. Ledingham J. (2008). Continuity and pathways from aggression in childhood to family violence in adulthood: A 30-year longitudinal study. Journal of Family Violence, 23(4), 231–242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-007-9147-2

Tippett N. Wolke D. (2015). Aggression between siblings: Associations with the home environment and peer bullying. Aggressive Behavior, 41(1), 14–24. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21557

Walters G. D. (2020). Positive parents and negative peers: assessing the nature and order of caregiver and friend effects in predicting early delinquency. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 18(1), 96–114. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204019831751

Xie H. Drabick D. A. G. Chen D. (2011). Developmental trajectories of aggression from late childhood through adolescence: similarities and differences across gender. Aggressive Behavior, 37(5), 387–404. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.20404

Zarling A. L. Taber-Thomas S. Murray A. Knuston J. F. Lawrence E. Valles N. L. DeGarmo D. S. Bank L. (2013). Internalizing and externalizing symptoms in young children exposed to intimate partner violence: examining intervening processes. J Fam Psychol, 27(6), 945-955. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034804.