The current effort to use social policy to restore the traditional nuclear
family reflects deep-seated fears about the changing structure of the
middle-class family, as well as distrust of the caretaking capacity of the
poor. The concepts of the family ethic and social reproduction are used
to examine and explain the cutbacks in social welfare and the state's
increasingly punitive treatment of poor women and their families.
References
1.
Abramovitz, M. (1983). Everyone is on welfare "The role of redistribution in social policy" revisited. Social Work, 28, 440-447.
2.
Abramovitz, M. (1991). Regulating the lives of women: Social welfare policy from colonial times to the present. Boston: South End Press.
3.
Backing off proposal to sell organs. (1990, July 20). New York Newsday, p. 8.
4.
Bader, E. (1990). Pregnant drug users face jail. New Directions for Women, 19(2), 1,8.
5.
Barrett, M. (1986). Women's oppression today. London: Verso.
6.
The big farmers' tax harvest. (1987, December 12). New York Times, p. A33.
7.
Block, F. (1987). Rethinking the political economy of the welfare state. In F. Block, R. A. Cloward, B. Ehrenreich , & F. F. Piven (Eds.), The mean season: The attack on the welfare state (pp. 109-160). New York: Pantheon.
8.
Bohlen, C. (1989, April 17). Number of mothers in jail surges with drug arrests. New York Times, p. B1.
9.
Boris, E., & Bardaglio, P. (1983). The transformation of patriarchy: The historic role of the state. In I. Diamond (Ed.), Families, politics and public policy (pp. 70-93). New York: Longman.
10.
Bowles, S. (1982). The post-Keynesian capital-labor stalemate. Socialist Review, 7,45-74.
11.
Bowles, S., Gordon, D., & Weisskopf, T. (1986). Power and politics: The social structure of accumulation and the profitability of the postwar U.S. economy. Review of Radical Economics, 1-2, 132-167.
12.
Boyte, H. (1980). The backyard revolution: Understanding the new citizen movement. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
13.
Brown, C. (1981). Mothers, fathers, and children: From private to public patriarchy. In L. Sargent (Ed.), Women and revolution: A discussion of the unhappy marriage of Marxism and feminism (pp. 239-267). Boston: South End Press.
14.
Burros, M. (1988, February 24). Women: Out of the house but not out of the kitchen. New York Times, p. A1.
15.
Chavkin, W. (1989, January 18). Help, don't jail addicted mothers . New York Times, p. 20.
16.
The crime of poverty: Legislators propose to fingerprint welfare recipients . (1989, September). Survival News, p. 18.
17.
Delphy, C. (1984). Close to home: A materialist analysis of women's oppression. London: Hutchinson .
18.
Dickinson, J., & Russell, B. (1986). Introduction: The structure of reproduction in capitalist society. In J. Dickinson & B. Russell (Eds.), Family, economy and the state (pp. 3-12). New York: St. Martin's.
19.
Dill, B.T. (1986). Our mother's grief: Racial ethnic women and the maintenance of families (Working paper No. 4). Memphis, TN: Memphis State University, Center for Research on Women.
20.
The family: Preserving America's future (Report of the White House Working Group on Family Policy. 1986. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
21.
Gerharz, G. (1990, January 29). Wisconsin's Learnfare: A bust. New York Times, p. 23.
22.
Gough, I. (1980). The political economy of the welfare state. London: Macmillan.
23.
Gueron, J.M. (1987). Welfare to work programs. Lessons on recent state initiatives. Policy Studies Review, 6, 733-743.
24.
Jones, J. (1985). Labor of love, labor of sorrow: Black women, work and the family from slavery to the present. New York: Basic Books.
25.
Kamerman, S., & Kahn, A. (1987). Mother-only families in Western Europe. Unpublished manuscript.
26.
Kane, B. (1990, May 16). Homeless seize homes as Kemp breaks vow . Guardian, p. 5.
27.
Kerr, P. (1991, April 9). Trenton legislator proposes overhaul of welfare system. New York Times, p. B4.
28.
Kolata, G. (1990, July 20). Racial bias seen on pregnant addicts . New York Times, p. 13.
29.
Lev, M. ( 1991, January 11). Judge is firm on forced contraception, but welcomes an appeal. New York Times, p. 17.
30.
Lewin, T. (1989, January 9). When courts take charge of the unborn . New York Times, pp. 1, 11.
31.
Lewin, T. (1990, February 5). Drug use in pregnancy: New issue for the courts. New York Times, p. 14.
32.
Lewin, T. (1991a, January 10). Implanted birth control device renews debate over forced contraception. New York Times, p. 20.
33.
Lewin, T. (1991b, February 9). A plan to pay welfare mothers for birth control. New York Times, p. 9.
34.
Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation. ( 1988, June 22). New long-term follow-up welfare employment findings announced by MDRC (press release. New York: Author.
35.
Martz, L. (1990, May 21). Bonfire of the S & Ls. Newsweek, pp. 20-25.
36.
Mead, L.M. (1985). Beyond entitlement: The social obligations of citizenship. New York: Free Press .
37.
Nakano-Glenn, E. (1985). Racial ethnic women's labor: The intersection of race, gender and class oppression. Review of Radical Political Economics, 17, 86-108.
38.
Norplant: A tool against women? (1991, March). Off Our Backs, p. 13.
39.
Piven, F.F., & Cloward, R.A. (1982). The new class war: Reagan's attack on the welfare state and its consequences. New York: Pantheon.
40.
Redmond, T. (1990, March-April). Record numbers of women in prison . New Directions for Women, pp. 1, 11.
41.
Secombe, W. (1974). The housewife and her labor under capitalism. New Left Review, 83, 3-24.
42.
Secombe, W. (1975). Domestic labor—Reply to critics. New Left Review, 94, 85-96.
43.
Silva, D. (1989). Up and Out of Poverty Now: Campaign tours Los Angeles. Survival News, 3(2), 1, 7.
44.
Sokoloff, N. (1981). Between money and love: The dialectic of women's home and market work. New York: Praeger.
45.
Stevens, D. (1989). Up and Out of Poverty: Campaign goes to Wisconsin . Survival News, 3(1), 20.
46.
Tuckson, R. V (1990, April 19). Testimony before the House Select Committee on Children, Youth and Families. In Beyond the stereotypes: Women, addiction, and perinatal substance abuse: Hearings and summary. Washington, DC: Office of Representative George Miller .
47.
U.S. Government Accounting Office. (1987). Current AFDC work programs and implications for federal policy. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
48.
U.S. House of Representatives. (1990, April 4). Women, addiction, and perinatal substance abuse: A fact sheet. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
49.
Walby, S. (1986). Patriarchy at work. Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press.
50.
Wertheimer. B.M. (1977). We were there: The story of working women in America . New York: Pantheon.
51.
Wilkerson, I. (1989, December 11). Wisconsin makes truancy costly by tying welfare to attendance. New York Times, p. 1.