A study of fifty never-married women, aged 66-101, from metropolitan areas in the northeastern United States, revealed that most (84 percent) had been the primary caregivers for their aged and dying parents. Most of the women derived satisfaction and legitimacy from their role of nurturer. However, many also paid a high price for providing this care; they became emotionally and physically exhausted, financially depleted, and socially isolated.
References
1.
Barrett, M., and McIntosh, M.The Anti-Social Family. New York: Schocken Books, 1982.
2.
Brody, E.M. "The Etiquette of Filial Behavior." Aging and Human Development, 1 (February 1970), pp. 88-91.
3.
—. E. M. "Women in the Middle and Family Help to Older People" The Gerontologist, 21 (October 1981), pp. 471-80.
4.
Cantor, M., and Little, V. "Aging and Social Care." In Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences, edited by R. Binstock and E. Shanas.New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1985.
5.
Davis, A.G., and Strong, P.M. "Working without a Net: The Bachelor as a Social Problem." Sociological Review, 25 (February 1977), pp. 109-29.
6.
Fine, M., and Asche, A. "Disabled Women: Sexism without the Pedestal." Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, 8 (July 1981), pp. 233-48.
7.
Hochschild, A.R.The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983.
8.
Illich, I.Shadow Work. Boston: Marion Books , 1981.
9.
Neysmith, S.M. "Parental Care: Another Female Function?" Canadian Journal of Social Work Education, 7 ( 1981), pp. 55-63.
10.
Polansky, E. "Women and the Health Care System: Implications for Social Work Practice ." In Women's Issues and Social Work Practice, edited by E. Norman and A. Mancuso, pp. 183-99. Itasca, Ill.: F.E. Peacock Publishers, 1981.
11.
Rix, S.E. Older Women: The Politics of Aging. Washington, D.C.: Women's Research and Education Institute, Congressional Caucus on Women's Issues, 1984.
12.
Shanas, E. "Social Myth as Hypothesis: The Case of the Family of Old People." The Gerontologist, 19 (February 1979), pp. 3-9.
13.
Townsend, P. "Elderly People with Disabilities." In Disability in Britain, edited by A. Walker and Townsend.London: Oxford University Press, 1981.
14.
Walker, A. "Care for Elderly People: A Conflict between Women and the State." In A Labour of Love: Women, Work and Caring, edited by J. Finch and D. Groves, pp. 106-28. Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1983.
15.
Wright, F. "Single Careers: Employment, Housework and Caring." In A Labour of Love, edited by Finch and Groves, pp. 89-105.