Building on interdisciplinary work by critical and feminist scholars in geography, architecture and urban planning, and history, this article proposes a reworking of social work's person-environment formulation to incorporate gender and its implications more fully. Three interlocking domains are addressed: (a) women's subjective experiences of their everyday environments; (b) the connections among these environmental experiences, the geography of women's lives, and larger social categories such as race/ethnicity, class, and sexual orientation; and (c) women's environmental strengths, resources, and agency.
References
1.
Ang-Lygate, M.
(1996). Everywhere to go but home: On (re)(dis)(un)location. Journal of Gender Studies, 5, 375-388.
2.
Bannerji, H.
(1995). Thinking through: Essays on feminism, Marxism, and anti-racism. Toronto: Women's Press.
3.
Bricker-Jenkins, M.
(1991). Introduction. In M. Bricker-Jenkins, N. R. Hooyman,& N. Gottlieb (Eds.), Feminist social work practice in clinical settings(pp. 1-13). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
4.
Brodsky, A. E.
(1996). Resilient single mothers in risky neighborhoods: Negative psychological sense of community. Journal of Community Psychology, 24, 347-363.
5.
Chasteen, A. L.
(1994). “The world around me”: The environment and single women. Sex Roles, 31(5-6), 309-328.
6.
Council on Social Work Education
. (1994). Curriculum policy statement. Washington, DC: Author.
7.
Darke, J.
(1996). The man-shaped city. In C. Booth, J. Darke, & S. Yeandle (Eds.), Changing places: Women's lives in the city. London: Paul Chapman.
8.
Day, K.
(1999). Embassies and sanctuaries: Women's experiences of race and fear in public space. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 17, 307-328.
9.
DuBois, B.
, & Miley, K. K. (1999). Social work: An empowering profession(3rd ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
10.
Dyck, I.
(1996). Mother or worker: Women's support networks, local knowledges, and informal child care strategies. In K. England (Ed.), Who will mind the baby? Geographies of child care and working mothers(pp. 123-140). New York: Routledge.
11.
Feldman, R. M.
, & Stall, S. (1994). The politics of space appropriation: A case study of women's struggles for homeplace in Chicago public housing. In I. Altman & A. Churchman (Eds.), Women and the environment(pp. 167-198). New York: Plenum Press.
12.
Freire, P.
(1973). Education for critical consciousness. New York: Seabury.
13.
Gardner, C. B.
(1990). Safe conduct: Women, crime and self in public places. Social Problems, 37, 311-328.
14.
Germain, C. B.
(1979). Introduction: Ecology and social work. In C. B. Germain (Ed.), Social work practice: People and environments(pp. 103-124). New York: Free Press.
15.
Gilbert, M. R.
(1997). Identity, space, and politics: A critique of the poverty debates. In J. P. Jones, III, H. J. Nast, & S. M. Roberts (Eds.), Thresholds in feminist geography: Difference, methodology, representation(pp. 29-45). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
16.
Gilbert, M. R.
(1998). “Race,” space, and power: The survival strategies of working poor women. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 88, 595-621.
17.
Gleeson, B. J.
(1995). Apublic space for women: The case of charity in colonial Melbourne. Area, 27, 192-207.
18.
Gutierrez, L. M.
(1996). Understanding the empowerment process: Does consciousness make a difference? In P. L. Ewalt, E. M. Freeman, S. A. Kirk, & D. L. Poole (Eds.), Multicultural issues in social work(pp. 43-59). Washington, DC: National Association of Social Workers.
19.
Hanson, S.
,& Pratt, G. (1995). Gender, work, and space. NewYork: Routledge.
20.
Hartman, A.
(1978). Diagrammatic assessment of family relationships. Social Casework, 59, 465-476.
21.
Hayden, D.
(1995). The power of place: Urban landscapes as public history. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
22.
Hepworth, D. H.
, Rooney, R. H., & Larsen, J. A. (1997). Direct social work practice: Theory and skills(5th ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
23.
hooks, b.
(1990). Yearning: Race, gender, and cultural politics. Boston: South End Press.
24.
Katz, C.
,& Monk, J. (Eds.). (1993). Full circles: Geographies of women over the life course. New York: Routledge.
25.
Kemp, S. P. (1994). Social work and systems of knowledge: The concept of environment in social casework theory, 1900-1983. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Columbia University School of Social Work.
26.
Kemp, S. P.
, Whittaker, J. K.,& Tracy, E. M. (1997). Person-environment practice: The social ecology of interpersonal helping. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
27.
Korbin, J. E.
,& Coulton, C. J. (1997). Understanding the neighborhood context of children and families: Combining epidemiological and ethnographic approaches. In J. Brooks-Gunn, G. J. Duncan, & J. L. Aber (Eds.), Neighborhood poverty: Context and consequences for children(pp. 65-79). New York: Russell Sage.
28.
Korin, E. C.
(1994). Social inequalities and feminist relationships: Applying Freire's ideas to clinical practice. Journal of Feminist Family Therapy, 5(3-4), 75-98.
29.
Koskela, H.
(1997). “Bold walk and breakings”: Women's spatial confidence versus fear of violence. Gender, place, and culture, 4, 301-319.
30.
Leavitt, J.
,& Saegert, S. (1990). From abandonment to hope: Community-households in Harlem. New York: Columbia University Press.
31.
Leigh, J. W.
(1998). Communicating for cultural competence. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
32.
Lippard, L. R.
(1998). The lure of the local: Senses of place in a multicentered society. New York: New Press.
33.
Massey, D.
(1994). Space, place, and gender. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
34.
Matrix
. (1984). Making space: Women and the man-made environment. London: Pluto Press.
35.
McDowell, L.
(1999). Gender, identity, and place: Understanding feminist geographies. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
36.
National Association of Social Workers
. (1997). NASW code of ethics(rev. ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
37.
Nicholson, L. J.
(1986). Gender and history: The limits of social theory in the age of the family. New York: Columbia University Press.
38.
Personal Narratives Group
. (1989). Interpreting women's lives: Feminist theory and personal narratives. Bloomington: University of Indiana Press.
39.
Rose, G.
(1993). Feminism and geography: The limits of geographical knowledge. Cambridge, England: Polity Press.
40.
Ruddick, S.
(1996). Constructing difference in public spaces: Race, class, and gender as interlocking systems. Urban Geography, 17, 132-151.
41.
Schorr, L. B.
(1997). Common purpose: Strengthening families and neighborhoods to rebuild America. New York: Anchor Books.
42.
Seager, J.
(1993). Blueprints for inequality. Women's Review of Books, 10(4), 1-1, 3-4.
43.
Smith, D.
(1987). The everyday world as problematic: A feminist sociology. Boston: Northeastern University Press.
44.
Smith-Rosenberg, C.
(1985). Disorderly conduct: Visions of gender in Victorian America. New York: Oxford University Press.
45.
Soja, E. W.
(1985). The spatiality of social life: Towards a transformative theory. In D. Gregory & J. Urry (Eds.), Social relations and spatial structures(pp. 90-127). London: Macmillan.
46.
Soja, E. W.
(1989). Postmodern geographies: The reassertion of space in critical social theory. New York: Verso.
47.
Spain, D.
(1992). Gendered spaces. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
48.
Stack, C.
(1974). All our kin: Strategies for survival in a black community. New York: Harper & Row.
49.
Steedman, C. K.
(1986). Landscape for a good woman: A story of two lives. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
50.
Tracy, E. M.
, & Whittaker, J. K. (1990). The social network map: Assessing social support in clinical social work practice. Families in Society, 71, 461-470.
51.
Valentine, G.
(1989). The geography of women's fear. Area, 21, 385-390.
52.
Valentine, G.
(1995). Out and about: Geographies of lesbian landscapes. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 19(1), 96-111.
53.
Walkowitz, J. R.
(1992). City of dreadful delight: Narratives of sexual danger in late-Victorian London. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
54.
Weisman, L. K.
(1992). Discrimination by design: A feminist critique of the man-made environment. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
55.
Wilson, E.
(1991). The sphinx in the city: Urban life, the control of disorder, and women. Berkeley: University of California Press.
56.
Women and Geography Study Group
. (1997). Feminist geographies: Explorations in diversity and difference. Essex, England: Longman.
57.
Young, I. M.
(1990). Justice and the politics of difference. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
58.
Young, I. M.
(1997). House and home: Feminist variationsona theme. In I. M. Young, Intersecting voices: Dilemmas of gender, political philosophy, and policy(pp. 134-164). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
