This paper examines the theory, research, and practice of road user charge (RUC) in the USA. It explores neoclassical, behavioral, and institutional economic perspectives to assess RUC's environmental benefits, data privacy, public acceptance, and equity implications. A synthesis of recent studies highlights RUC's financial, environmental, social, and urban transportation system impacts. The examination of state and regional initiatives presents several critical challenges associated with the implementation of RUC systems. This study provides a nuanced understanding of RUC's potential and barriers as a sustainable transportation funding mechanism and offers insights into future research and policy development.
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