Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of death worldwide. Early and precise diagnosis of myocardial viability after MI is extremely important for effective treatment and prognosis evaluation. Herein, we developed the BSA-templated manganese carbonate (MnCO3@BSA) nanoparticles as an MR imaging contrast agent for accurate detection of the infarcted regions. The chemophysical features, targeting capability toward the infarct, and biocompatibility were evaluated. The nanoparticles showed superior chemical stability. In vitro study suggested that the MnCO3@BSA nanoparticles do not enter normal cardiomyocytes. MR imaging indicated that the MnCO3@BSA with a high longitudinal (r1) relaxivity of 5.84 mM−1s−1 at physiological condition specifically accumulated into the infarcted regions of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) mice. In addition, the MnCO3@BSA nanoparticles exhibited low cytotoxicity to cardiomyocytes, no damage to organs and good hemocompatibility. Thereby, the MnCO3@BSA nanoparticles manifested great potential as an extracellular contrast agent of MR imaging for sensitive and specific detection of the infarcted regions during acute myocardial I/R injury.
NabovatiEFarzandipourMSadeghiM, et al.A global overview of acute coronary syndrome registries: a systematic review. Curr Probl Cardiol2021: 101049.
2.
ZhaoWKZhouYXuTT, et al.Ferroptosis: opportunities and challenges in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Oxidative Medicine Cellular Longevity2021; 2021: 9929687.
3.
ScarparoPvan GamerenMWilschutJ, et al.Impact of large thrombus burden on very long-term clinical outcomes in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. J Invasive Cardiology2021; 33(11): E900–E909.
4.
WangFWenLLiuJ, et al.Albumin nanocomposites with MnO2/Gd2O3 motifs for precise MR imaging of acute myocardial infarction in rabbit models. Biomaterials2020; 230: 119614.
5.
SirajuddinAMirmomenSMKligermanSJ, et al.Ischemic heart disease: noninvasive imaging techniques and findings. Radiographics2021; 41(4): 990–1021.
6.
NudiFIskandrianAESchillaciO, et al.Noninvasive cardiovascular imaging for myocardial necrosis, viability, stunning and hibernation: evidence from an umbrella review encompassing 12 systematic reviews, 286 studies, and 201,680 patients. Minerva Cardiol Angiol2021; 69(2): 191–200.
7.
WhitakerJNejiRKimS, et al.Late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance assessment of substrate for ventricular tachycardia with hemodynamic compromise. Front Cardiovas Med2021; 8: 744779.
8.
FlavianACartaFThunyF, et al.Cardiac MRI in the diagnosis of complications of myocardial infarction. Diagn Intervent Imaging2012; 93(7–8): 578–585.
9.
Rodriguez-GranilloGA. Delayed enhancement cardiac computed tomography for the assessment of myocardial infarction: from bench to bedside. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther2017; 7(2): 159–170.
10.
KwongRYFarzaneh-FarA. Value of late gadolinium enhancement imaging in diagnosis of myocardial infarction and unobstructed coronary arteries. JACC: Cardiovasc Imaging2020; 13(5): 1149–1151.
11.
WenLYYangZGLiZL, et al.Accurate identification of myocardial viability after myocardial infarction with novel manganese chelate-based MR imaging. NMR Biomed2019; 32(11): e4158.
12.
DelattreBMABraunersreutherVHyacintheJ-N, et al.Myocardial infarction quantification with Manganese-Enhanced MRI (MEMRI) in mice using a 3T clinical scanner. NMR Biomed2010; 23(5): 503–513.
13.
KrombachGAHigginsCBGüntherRW, et al.Anwendung von kontrastmitteln für die kardiale magnetresonanztomographie. RoFo Fortschr auf Geb Rontgenstrahlen Bildgeb Verfahr2002; 174(7): 819–829.
14.
SpathNBThompsonGBakerAH, et al.Manganese-enhanced MRI of the myocardium. Heart2019; 105(22): 1695–1700.
15.
WendlandMF. Applications of manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) to imaging of the heart. NMR Biomed2004; 17(8): 581–594.
16.
BertinASteibelJMichou-GallaniA-I, et al.Development of a dendritic manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) contrast agent: synthesis, toxicity (in vitro) and relaxivity (in vitro, in vivo) studies. Bioconjug Chem2009; 20(4): 760–767.
17.
ZouRLiJYangT, et al.Biodegradable manganese engineered nanocapsules for tumor-sensitive near-infrared persistent luminescence/magnetic resonance imaging and simultaneous chemotherapy. Theranostics2021; 11(17): 8448–8463.
18.
ZhangHWangTZhengY, et al.Comparative toxicity and contrast enhancing assessments of Gd 2 O 3 @BSA and MnO 2 @BSA nanoparticles for MR imaging of brain glioma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun2018; 499(3): 488–492.
19.
ZhengYZhangHHuY, et al.MnO nanoparticles with potential application in magnetic resonance imaging and drug delivery for myocardial infarction. Int J Nanomed2018; 13: 6177–6188.
20.
ChenJZhouLWangC, et al.A multifunctional SN38-conjugated nanosystem for defeating myelosuppression and diarrhea induced by irinotecan in esophageal cancer. Nanoscale2020; 12(41): 21234–21247.
21.
HouWJiangYXieG, et al.Biocompatible BSA-MnO2 nanoparticles for in vivo timely permeability imaging of blood-brain barrier and prediction of hemorrhage transformation in acute ischemic stroke. Nanoscale2021; 13(18): 8531–8542.
22.
WuJWilliamsGRNiuS, et al.Biomineralized bimetallic oxide nanotheranostics for multimodal imaging-guided combination therapy. Theranostics2020; 10(2): 841–855.
23.
YaoYLiPHeJ, et al.Albumin-templated Bi2Se3-MnO2 nanocomposites with promoted catalase-like activity for enhanced radiotherapy of cancer. ACS Appl Mater Inter2021; 13(24): 28650–28661.
24.
WangR-GZhaoM-YDengD, et al.An intelligent and biocompatible photosensitizer conjugated silicon quantum dots-MnO2 nanosystem for fluorescence imaging-guided efficient photodynamic therapy. J Mater Chem B2018; 6(28): 4592–4601.
25.
YangWGuoWLeW, et al.Albumin-bioinspired Gd:CuS nanotheranostic agent for in vivo photoacoustic/magnetic resonance imaging-guided tumor-targeted photothermal therapy. ACS Nano2016; 10(11): 10245–10257.
26.
ZhuXXiongHZhouQ, et al.A pH-Activatable MnCO3 nanoparticle for improved magnetic resonance imaging of tumor malignancy and metastasis. ACS Appl Mater Inter2021; 13(16): 18462–18471.
27.
LiYLiBWangX, et al.Safe and efficient magnetic resonance imaging of acute myocardial infarction with gadolinium-doped carbon dots. Nanomedicine2020; 15(24): 2385–2398.
28.
LaiJWangTWangH, et al.MnO nanoparticles with unique excitation-dependent fluorescence for multicolor cellular imaging and MR imaging of brain glioma. Microchimica Acta2018; 185(4): 244.
29.
BoehmlerDJO’DellZJChungC, et al.Bovine serum albumin enhances silver nanoparticle dissolution kinetics in a size- and concentration-dependent manner. Langmuir2020; 36(4): 1053–1061.
30.
ZukieneRSnitkaV. Zinc oxide nanoparticle and bovine serum albumin interaction and nanoparticles influence on cytotoxicity in vitro. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces2015; 135: 316–323.
31.
ZhouZYangLGaoJ, et al.Structure-relaxivity relationships of magnetic nanoparticles for magnetic resonance imaging. Adv Mater2019; 31(8): e1804567.
32.
XiaoJZhangGXuR, et al.A pH-responsive platform combining chemodynamic therapy with limotherapy for simultaneous bioimaging and synergistic cancer therapy. Biomaterials2019; 216: 119254.
33.
LundyDJChenK-HTohEK-W, et al.Distribution of systemically administered nanoparticles reveals a size-dependent effect immediately following cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Sci Rep2016; 6: 25613.
34.
GrimaldiAMForteEInfanteT, et al.Future perspectives of nanoparticle-based contrast agents for cardiac magnetic resonance in myocardial infarction. Nanomed: Nanotechnol, Biol Med2019; 17: 329–341.
35.
PetersNS. Myocardial gap junction organization in ischemia and infarction. Microsc Res Tech1995; 31(5): 375–386.
36.
ShinJAnisurRMKoMK, et al.Hollow manganese oxide nanoparticles as multifunctional agents for magnetic resonance imaging and drug delivery. Angew Chem Int Ed2009; 48(2): 321–324.
37.
HuangJXieJChenK, et al.HSA coated MnO nanoparticles with prominent MRI contrast for tumor imaging. Chem Commun2010; 46(36): 6684–6686.
38.
ShaoCLiSGuW, et al.Multifunctional gadolinium-doped manganese carbonate nanoparticles for targeted MR/Fluorescence imaging of tiny brain gliomas. Anal Chem2015; 87(12): 6251–6257.
39.
LiuKYanXXuY-J, et al.Sequential growth of CaF2:Yb,Er@CaF2:Gd nanoparticles for efficient magnetic resonance angiography and tumor diagnosis. Biomater Sci2017; 5(12): 2403–2415.
Supplementary Material
Please find the following supplemental material available below.
For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.
For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.
