Interventional pulmonology is a new field within the pulmonary and critical care medicine specialty with a focus on invasive diagnostic and therapeutic modalities in airway and pleural disorders. The interventional pulmonologist is highly qualified to take a prominent role in the intensive care unit in a consultative fashion to provide assistance with pleural procedures, establishment and care of artificial airways, and management of patients with respiratory failure attributable to structural central airway disorders. The presence of a dedicated operator with advanced skills facilitates access to specialized procedures in an expeditious and safe manner. Clear communication between the interventional pulmonologist and intensivist is vital to ensure a collaborative effort that delivers optimal patient care.
Feller-Kopman D.Is a dedicated 12-month training program required in interventional pulmonology? Pro: dedicated training. Journal of Bronchology. 2004;11:62-64.
3.
Gildea TR. Is a dedicated 12-month training program required in interventional pulmonology? Con: dedicated training. Journal of Bronchology. 2004;11:65-66.
4.
Ernst A, Silvestri GA, Johnstone D.Interventional pulmonary procedures: guidelines from the American College of Chest Physicians. Chest. 2003;123:1693-1717.
5.
Ciaglia P, Firsching R, Syniec C.Elective percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy. A new simple bedside procedure; preliminary report. Chest. 1985;87:715-719.
6.
Freeman BD, Isabella K, Cobb JP, et al.A prospective, randomized study comparing percutaneous with surgical tracheostomy in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med. 2001;29:926-930.
7.
Heikkinen M, Aarnio P, Hannukainen J.Percutaneous dilational tracheostomy or conventional surgical tracheostomy?Crit Care Med. 2000;28:1399-1402.
8.
Massick DD, Yao S, Powell DM, et al.Bedside tracheostomy in the intensive care unit: a prospective randomized trial comparing open surgical tracheostomy with endoscopically guided percutaneous dilational tracheotomy. Laryngoscope. 2001;111:494-500.
9.
Crofts SL, Alzeer A, McGuire GP, Wong DT, Charles D.A comparison of percutaneous and operative tracheostomies in intensive care patients. Can J Anaesth. 1995;42:775-779.
10.
Porter JM, Ivatury RR. Preferred route of tracheostomy-percutaneous versus open at the bedside: a randomized, prospective study in the surgical intensive care unit. Am Surg. 1999;65:142-146.
11.
Gysin C, Dulguerov P, Guyot JP, Perneger TV, Abajo B, Chevrolet JC. Percutaneous versus surgical tracheostomy: a double-blind randomized trial. Ann Surg. 1999;230:708-714.
12.
Hazard P, Jones C, Benitone J.Comparative clinical trial of standard operative tracheostomy with percutaneous tracheostomy. Crit Care Med. 1991;19:1018-1024.
13.
Holdgaard HO, Pedersen J, Jensen RH, et al.Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy versus conventional surgical tracheostomy. A clinical randomised study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1998;42:545-550.
14.
Friedman Y, Fildes J, Mizock B, et al.Comparison of percutaneous and surgical tracheostomies. Chest. 1996;110:480-485.
Randell TT, Tierala EK, Lepantalo MJ, Lindgren L.Prophylactic minitracheostomy after thoracotomy: a prospective, random control, clinical trial. Eur J Surg. 1991;157:501-504.
23.
van Heurn LW, van Geffen GJ, Brink PR. Percutaneous subcricoid minitracheostomy: report of 50 procedures. Ann Thorac Surg. 1995;59:707-709.
24.
Wain JC, Wilson DJ, Mathisen DJ. Clinical experience with minitracheostomy. Ann Thorac Surg. 1990;49:881-885.
25.
Issa MM, Healy DM, Maghur HA, Luke DA. Prophylactic minitracheotomy in lung resections. A randomized controlled study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1991;101:895-900.
26.
Mastboom WJ, Wobbes T, van den DA, Goris RJ. Bronchial suction by minitracheotomy as an effective measure against sputum retention. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1991; 173:187-192.
27.
Fartoukh M, Azoulay E, Galliot R, et al.Clinically documented pleural effusions in medical ICU patients: how useful is routine thoracentesis?Chest. 2002;121:178-184.
28.
Eibenberger KL, Dock WI, Ammann ME, Dorffner R, Hormann MF, Grabenwoger F.Quantification of pleural effusions: sonography versus radiography. Radiology. 1994;191:681-684.
29.
Emamian SA, Kaasbol MA, Olsen JF, Pedersen JF. Accuracy of the diagnosis of pleural effusion on supine chest X-ray. Eur Radiol. 1997;7:57-60.
30.
Yu CJ, Yang PC, Chang DB, Luh KT. Diagnostic and therapeutic use of chest sonography: value in critically ill patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1992;159:695-701.
31.
Lichtenstein D, Hulot JS, Rabiller A, Tostivint I, Meziere G. Feasibility and safety of ultrasound-aided thoracentesis in mechanically ventilated patients. Intensive Care Med. 1999; 25:955-958.
32.
Petersen S, Freitag M, Albert W, Tempel S, Ludwig K.Ultrasound-guided thoracentesis in surgical intensive care patients. Intensive Care Med. 1999;25:1029.
33.
McCartney JP, Adams JW, Hazard PB. Safety of thoracentesis in mechanically ventilated patients. Chest. 1993;103:1920-1921.
34.
Godwin JE, Sahn SA. Thoracentesis: a safe procedure in mechanically ventilated patients. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113:800-802.
35.
Collop NA, Kim S, Sahn SA. Analysis of tube thoracostomy performed by pulmonologists at a teaching hospital. Chest. 1997;112:709-713.
36.
Barba CA. The intensive care unit as an operating room. Surg Clin North Am. 2000;80:957-973, xi.
37.
Feller-Kopman DJ, Lunn WW, Wahidi MM, Garland R, Ernst A, Ashiku S.Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy tube placement can be safely performed by the interventional pulmonologist. Chest. 2004;126:735s.
38.
Conlan AA, Hurwitz SS, Krige L, Nicolaou N, Pool R.Massive hemoptysis. Review of 123 cases. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1983;85:120-124.
39.
Dweik RA, Stoller JK. Role of bronchoscopy in massive hemoptysis. Clin Chest Med. 1999;20:89-105.
40.
Hirshberg B, Biran I, Glazer M, Kramer MR. Hemoptysis: etiology, evaluation, and outcome in a tertiary referral hospital. Chest. 1997;112:440-444.
41.
Santiago S, Tobias J, Williams AJ. A reappraisal of the causes of hemoptysis. Arch Intern Med. 1991;151:2449-2451.
42.
Pursel SE, Lindskog GE. Hemoptysis. A clinical evaluation of 105 patients examined consecutively on a thoracic surgical service. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1961;84:329-336.
43.
Colt HG, Harrell JH. Therapeutic rigid bronchoscopy allows level of care changes in patients with acute respiratory failure from central airways obstruction. Chest. 1997;112:202-206.
44.
al Kattan K, Simonds A, Chung KF, Kaplan DK. Kyphoscoliosis and bronchial torsion. Chest. 1997; 111:1134-1137.
45.
Shaffer JP, Allen JN. The use of expandable metal stents to facilitate extubation in patients with large airway obstruction. Chest. 1998;114:1378-1382.
46.
Shah SK, Ost D.Photodynamic therapy: a case series demonstrating its role in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Chest. 2000;118:1419-1423.
47.
Lo CP, Hsu AA, Eng P.Endobronchial stenting in patients requiring mechanical ventilation for major airway obstruction. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 2000;29:66-70.
48.
Stanopoulos IT, Beamis JF Jr, Martinez FJ, Vergos K, Shapshay SM. Laser bronchoscopy in respiratory failure from malignant airway obstruction. Crit Care Med. 1993;21:386-391.
49.
Desai SJ, Mehta AC, VanderBrug MS, Golish JA, Ahmad M.Survival experience following Nd:YAG laser photoresection for primary bronchogenic carcinoma. Chest. 1988;94:939-944.
50.
Macha HN, Becker KO, Kemmer HP. Pattern of failure and survival in endobronchial laser resection. A matched pair study. Chest. 1994;105:1668-1672.
