Electroconductive Blends of Poly(HEMA-co-PEGMA-co-HMMAco-SPMA) and Poly(Py- co-PyBA): In Vitro Biocompatibility

Abstract

Electroconductive hydrogels (ECHs) were prepared as blends of ultraviolet cross-linked poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) [poly(HEMA)]-based hydrogels and in situ electrochemically synthesized polypyrrole (PPy). ECH blends, with potential for neuronal prosthetic devices, implantable biosensors, and electro-stimulated release devices, were produced on surface functionalized microfabricated and planar gold electrodes. Hydrogels were synthesized from hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), poly(ethylene glycol) monomethacrylate (PEGMA), N-[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]-acrylamide (HMMA), and 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium salt (SPMA) to produce p(HEMA-co-PEGMA-co-HMMA-co-SPMA). The electroconductive polymer component was electropolymerized from pyrrole and 4-(3'-pyrrolyl)butyric acid to form P(Py-co-PyBA) within the electrode-supported hydrogel. The dynamic electrochemical properties of Au*|Gel-P(Py-co-PyBA) were investigated using multiple scan rate cyclic voltammetry and electrical/electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) over the range 0.1—100 kHz and compared to Au*, Au*|Gel, and Au*|PPy. At 0.1 Hz, there was a three-fold decrease in the magnitude of the absolute impedance, subsequent to electropolymerization. The in vitro biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of the polymer-modified gold surfaces were investigated using murine pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells and human muscle fibroblasts (RMS13). For Au*|Gel-P(Py-co-PyBA) polymer films prepared with different electropolymerization times of 5, 25, and 50 s, there was an increase in cell proliferation of 49%, 61%, and 6% compared to initial cell seeding. These ECH blends have the desired characteristics of low interfacial impedance and noncytotoxicity that makes them good candidates for in vivo intramuscular and neural studies.

Keywords

electroconductive hydrogels polypyrrole 4-(3'-pyrrolyl) butyric acid conetworks PC12 RMS13 biosensors.

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